Fig. 6

Tbc1d4-ko alters gene expression in insulin signaling and distinctively activates cardiac UPR via eIF2a/ATF4 pathway. A Expression of Tbc1d4-related signaling genes in D4KO and WT hearts. B Atf4 expression and C phosphorylation ratio of phosphorylated eIF2a (Ser51) and total eIF2a protein. D Gene expression of Xbp1 splicing ratio and E phosphorylation ratio of phosphorylated (Thr183/Tyr185) and total SAPK. Data presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired two-tailed student’s t-Test (WT vs. D4KO: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001) n = 6–8. Male mice, 36 weeks of age. WT wild type, D4KO Tbc1d4-knockout