Skip to main content

Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to incident CVD and death

From: High-density lipoprotein subclasses and cardiovascular disease and mortality in type 2 diabetes: analysis from the Hong Kong Diabetes Biobank

Variable

Overall

N = 1991

Incident CVD

P value

Death

P value

No, N = 1322

Yes, N = 125

No, N = 1901

Yes, N = 90

Demographic

    

 Age, years

61.1 ± 11.0

58.9 ± 10.9

63.6 ± 11.1

< 0.0001

60.7 ± 10.9

69.6 ± 9.9

< 0.0001

 Male gender

1189 (59.7)

728 (55.1)

87 (70.0)

0.002

2087 (56.1)

66 (76.7)

0.002

 Smoking status, ever

672 (33.8)

369 (27.9)

58 (46.4)

< 0.0001

1082 (29.1)

41 (47.7)

< 0.0001

Clinical and laboratory

  

 Diabetes duration, years

11.4 ± 8.7

10.3 ± 8.3

14.2 ± 9.0

< 0.0001

11.2 ± 8.6

15.3 ± 10.4

0.0004

 SBP, mmHg

135.5 ± 18.4

132.5 ± 17.6

141.4 ± 19.0

< 0.0001

135.3 ± 18.2

139.7 ± 21.4

0.06

 BMI, kg/m2

26.5 ± 4.6

26.2 ± 4.5

27.2 ± 5.2

0.05

26.5 ± 4.6

26.1 ± 5.4

0.50

 HbA1C, %

7.5 ± 1.4

7.5 ± 1.4

8.0 ± 1.7

0.001

7.5 ± 1.4

7.8 ± 1.5

0.14

 eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

75.8 ± 26.4

81.6 ± 24.1

64.5 ± 29.8

< 0.0001

77.0 ± 25.6

49.7 ± 30.2

< 0.0001

 UACR, mg/mmol

2.7 (0.7–17.4)

1.8 (0.6-9.0)

16.4 (1.7-187.7)

< 0.0001

2.4 (0.7–15.0)

20.7 (3.6-200.7)

< 0.0001

 Triglycerides, mmol/L

1.3 (1.0–2.0)

1.3 (0.9–1.9)

1.6 (1.0-2.3)

0.001

1.4 (1.0–2.0)

1.3 (1.0-2.1)

0.74

 TC, mmol/L

4.4 ± 1.0

4.4 ± 0.9

4.7 ± 1.1

0.01

4.4 ± 0.9

4.3 ± 1.2

0.93

 HDL-C, mmol/L

1.3 ± 0.4

1.3 ± 0.4

1.2 ± 0.4

0.001

1.3 ± 0.4

1.2 ± 0.3

0.001

 LDL-C, mmol/L

2.3 ± 0.8

2.4 ± 0.8

2.7 ± 1.0

0.004

2.3 ± 0.8

2.4 ± 1.0

0.42

 Glycoprotein acetyls, mmol/L

1.1 ± 0.2

1.1 ± 0.2

1.2 ± 0.2

< 0.0001

1.1 ± 0.2

1.2 ± 0.2

0.02

 Total HDL-P, µmol/L

21.6 ± 3.1

22.1 ± 3.1

20.8 ± 3.1

< 0.0001

21.7 ± 3.1

19.5 ± 2.7

< 0.0001

 Very large HDL-P, µmol/L

0.26 ± 0.11

0.26 ± 0.12

0.28 ± 0.11

0.18

0.26 ± 0.11

0.32 ± 0.14

0.0001

 Large HDL-P, µmol/L

1.4 ± 0.9

1.5 ± 1.0

1.3 ± 0.9

0.08

1.4 ± 0.9

1.6 ± 0.9

0.07

 Medium HDL-P, µmol/L

4.9 ± 1.2

5.1 ± 1.2

4.6 ± 1.3

0.0001

5.0 ± 1.2

4.4 ± 1.0

< 0.0001

 Small HDL-P, µmol/L

15.0 ± 1.9

15.2 ± 1.9

14.5 ± 1.8

0.0001

15.1 ± 1.8

13.2 ± 2.0

< 0.0001

 HDL-P size, nm

9.5 ± 0.2

9.5 ± 0.2

9.5 ± 0.2

0.29

9.5 ± 0.2

9.6 ± 0.2

0.002

Medical history

       

 Diabetic retinopathy

517 (26.0)

315 (23.8)

43 (34.4)

0.0004

482 (25.4)

35 (38.9)

0.0004

 Cardiovascular disease

544 (27.3)

NA

NA

NA

501 (26.4)

43 (47.8)

< 0.0001

Medication history

       

 Oral antihyperglycemic drugs

1682 (84.5)

1154 (87.3)

109 (87.2)

0.89

1626 (85.5)

56 (62.2)

< 0.0001

 Insulin

753 (37.8)

461 (34.9)

64 (51.2)

0.001

701 (36.9)

52 (57.8)

0.0001

 Lipid lowering drugs

1360 (68.3)

810 (61.3)

76 (60.8)

0.89

1304 (68.6)

56 (62.2)

0.45

 Statins

1333 (67.0)

786 (59.5)

75 (60.0)

0.99

1279 (67.3)

54 (60.0)

0.22

 Fibrates

80 (4.0)

55 (4.2)

6 (4.8)

0.92

77 (4.0)

3 (3.3)

0.96

 Antihypertensive drugs

1524 (76.5)

909 (68.8)

109 (87.2)

< 0.0001

1448 (76.2)

76 (84.4)

0.08

 RAS blockers

1183 (59.4)

708 (53.6)

87 (69.6)

0.001

1279 (67.3)

55 (61.1)

0.75

  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD, number (percentage), or median (interquartile range)
  2. BMI body mass index; CVD cardiovascular disease; eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1C glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-P high-density lipoprotein particles; LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; RAS renin-angiotensin system; SBP systolic blood pressure; SD standard deviation; TC Total cholesterol; UACR urinary albumin-creatinine ratio
  3. P values for differences between events were obtained by t-test, Chi-squared test, or Wilcoxon rank sum test as appropriate
Back to article page

Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840