The associations between changes in hepatic steatosis and heart failure and mortality: a nationwide cohort study

Park, Jiyun; Kim, Gyuri; Kim, Hasung; Lee, Jungkuk; Jin, Sang-Man; Kim, Jae Hyeon

doi:10.1186/s12933-022-01725-z

Cardiovascular Diabetology

Table 3 Risks of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and liver-related mortality during follow up according to FLI changes

From: The associations between changes in hepatic steatosis and heart failure and mortality: a nationwide cohort study

	Events	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3			Model 4
	Events	HR	95% CI	P value	HR	95% CI	P value	HR	95% CI	P value	HR	95% CI	P value
All-cause mortality
Non-NAFLD	3,915	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
Regressed NAFLD	257	1.477	1.302–1.676	< 0.001	1.490	1.309–1.696	< 0.001	1.415	1.242–1.611	< 0.001	1.320	1.158–1.504	< 0.001
Incident NAFLD	225	1.246	1.089–1.425	0.001	1.550	1.349–1.781	< 0.001	1.453	1.264–1.671	< 0.001	1.378	1.198–1.585	< 0.001
Persistent NAFLD	359	1.300	1.167–1.448	< 0.001	1.886	1.674–2.125	< 0.001	1.710	1.516–1.929	< 0.001	1.569	1.390–1.771	< 0.001
Persistent NAFLD	359	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
Regressed NAFLD	257	1.137	0.968–1.334	0.112	0.825	0.695–0.979	0.003	0.862	0.725–1.024	0.091	0.879	0.739–1.045	0.145
CV mortality
Non-NAFLD	549	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
Regressed NAFLD	33	1.353	0.952–1.922	0.092	1.319	0.921–1.891	0.131	1.255	0.875–1.799	0.217	1.115	0.777–1.600	0.555
Incident NAFLD	41	1.619	1.179–2.223	0.003	1.958	1.406–2.726	< 0.001	1.848	1.325–2.578	< 0.001	1.673	1.199–2.333	0.003
Persistent NAFLD	50	1.291	0.966–1.724	0.084	1.807	1.313–2.487	< 0.001	1.628	1.180–2.246	0.003	1.421	1.028–1.963	0.033
Persistent NAFLD	50	Ref.			Ref			Ref.			Ref.
Regressed NAFLD	33	1.045	0.673–1.622	0.845	0.837	0.521–1.345	0.462	0.846	0.525–1.362	0.492	0.859	0.533–1.386	0.534
Liver-related mortality
Non-NAFLD	151	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
Regressed NAFLD	14	2.086	1.207–3.608	0.009	2.279	1.295–4.010	0.004	1.255	0.875–1.799	0.217	1.986	1.123–3.511	0.018
Incident NAFLD	20	2.868	1.799–4.573	< 0.001	3.855	2.346–6.335	< 0.001	1.848	1.325–2.578	< 0.001	3.359	2.033–5.550	< 0.001
Persistent NAFLD	32	2.995	2.046–4.386	< 0.001	4.833	3.085–7.571	< 0.001	1.628	1.180–2.246	0.003	3.887	2.446–6.176	< 0.001
Persistent NAFLD	32	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
Regressed NAFLD	14	0.698	0.373–1.308	0.262	0.421	0.218–0.814	0.010	0.437	0.225–0.850	0.015	0.434	0.223–0.846	0.014

CI confidence interval, CV cardiovascular, HR hazard ratio
Model 1: Crude
Model 2: Age, sex, and body weight
Model 3: Model 2 + alcohol consumption, smoking, regular exercise, and income status
Model 4: Model 3 + hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and estimated glomerular filtration rate

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