The associations between changes in hepatic steatosis and heart failure and mortality: a nationwide cohort study

Table 2 Risks of incident heart failure and hospitalization for heart failure according to FLI changes

	Events	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3			Model 4
	Events	HR	95% CI	P value	HR	95% CI	P value	HR	95% CI	P value	HR	95% CI	P value
iHF
Non-NAFLD	4902	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
Regressed NAFLD	326	1.507	1.348–1.686	< 0.001	1.237	1.102–1.388	< 0.001	1.219	1.087–1.368	< 0.001	1.049	0.935–1.178	0.414
Incident NAFLD	332	1.478	1.322–1.651	< 0.001	1.326	1.181–1.489	< 0.001	1.307	1.164–1.469	< 0.001	1.150	1.024–1.292	0.018
Persistent NAFLD	626	1.827	1.681–1.986	< 0.001	1.619	1.471–1.782	< 0.001	1.575	1.430–1.736	< 0.001	1.316	1.194–1.450	< 0.001
Persistent NAFLD	626	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
Regressed NAFLD	326	0.825	0.722–0.943	0.005	0.753	0.652–0.870	< 0.001	0.752	0.650–0.869	< 0.001	0.800	0.691–0.925	0.003
hHF
Non-NAFLD	2,067	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
Regressed NAFLD	129	1.408	1.179–1.682	< 0.001	1.285	1.071–1.542	0.007	1.249	1.041–1.499	0.017	1.101	0.916–1.322	0.305
Incident NAFLD	120	1.264	1.052–1.520	0.013	1.328	1.098–1.608	0.004	1.289	1.065–1.561	0.009	1.162	0.959–1.407	0.125
Persistent NAFLD	263	1.822	1.603–2.072	< 0.001	2.048	1.767–2.373	< 0.001	1.939	1.671–2.251	< 0.001	1.666	1.434–1.935	< 0.001
Persistent NAFLD	263	Ref.			Ref.			Ref.			Ref.
Regressed NAFLD	129	0.773	0.626–0.954	0.017	0.607	0.484–0.760	< 0.001	0.616	0.491–0.773	< 0.001	0.645	0.514–0.810	< 0.001

CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio, iHF incident heart failure, hHF hospitalized heart failure
Model 1: Crude
Model 2: Age, sex, and body weight
Model 3: Model 2 + alcohol consumption, smoking, regular exercise, and income status
Model 4: Model 3 + hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and estimated glomerular filtration rate

ISSN: 1475-2840