Skip to main content

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population according to FLI change (n = 240,301)

From: The associations between changes in hepatic steatosis and heart failure and mortality: a nationwide cohort study

 

Non-NAFLD

Regressed NAFLD

Incident NAFLD

Persistent NAFLD

p-value

n (%)

206,538 (85.95)

9212 (3.83)

9641 (4.01)

14,910 (6.20)

 < 0.001

Age (years)

52.69 ± 9.42

53.62 ± 9.52

52.35 ± 9.16

51.76 ± 8.93

 < 0.001

Males

103,081 (49.91)

7444 (80.81)

7614 (78.98)

12,797 (85.83)

 < 0.001

Income level, lowest 25%

47,125 (22.82)

1821 (19.77)

1966 (20.39)

2843 (19.07)

 < 0.001

Current smoker

38,815 (18.79)

3,049 (33.10)

3,075 (31.90)

5855 (39.27)

 < 0.001

Regular exercise

51,489 (24.93)

2,389 (25.93)

2,012 (20.87)

3130 (20.99)

 < 0.001

Body weight (kg)

61.47 ± 9.13

71.88 ± 8.17

74.60 ± 8.63

79.85 ± 9.73

 < 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

23.22 ± 2.53

25.97 ± 2.29

26.94 ± 2.57

28.32 ± 2.90

 < 0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

78.78 ± 7.50

86.66 ± 5.58

90.39 ± 5.79

93.28 ± 6.68

 < 0.001

 In males

81.66 ± 6.34

86.79 ± 5.38

90.27 ± 5.52

92.98 ± 6.50

 < 0.001

 In females

75.90 ± 7.45

86.11 ± 6.33

90.83 ± 6.66

95.08 ± 7.48

 < 0.001

SBP (mmHg)

121.00 ± 14.53

126.81 ± 14.26

128.48 ± 14.27

130.17 ± 14.50

 < 0.001

DBP (mmHg)

75.60 ± 9.73

79.20 ± 9.64

80.81 ± 9.70

81.97 ± 10.07

 < 0.001

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl)

96.60 ± 19.42

104.82 ± 27.93

105.64 ± 26.12

110.49 ± 32.25

 < 0.001

AST (IU/L)

23.39 ± 11.74

25.54 ± 10.45

32.52 ± 48.61

31.88 ± 20.67

 < 0.001

ALT (IU/L)

21.08 ± 15.13

27.06 ± 14.24

39.13 ± 40.42

39.42 ± 26.00

 < 0.001

GGT (IU/L)

26.40 ± 21.94

44.92 ± 35.08

73.94 ± 75.99

82.80 ± 79.60

 < 0.001

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

197.32 ± 34.79

200.70 ± 37.44

212.74 ± 37.97

211.44 ± 40.01

 < 0.001

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

112.53 ± 61.01

151.20 ± 70.42

246.09 ± 39.52

249.82 ± 54.52

 < 0.001

HDL-C (mg/dl)

56.58 ± 16.04

50.23 ± 14.77

48.89 ± 15.07

47.50 ± 14.33

 < 0.001

LDL-C (mg/dl)

118.63 ± 36.83

120.87 ± 41.85

117.42 ± 42.92

117.28 ± 49.05

 < 0.001

eGFR < 60 (ml/min/1.73m2)

40,258 (19.49)

2908 (31.57)

3051 (31.65)

4974 (33.36)

 < 0.001

Comorbidities

 Hypertension

52,227 (25.29)

4112 (44.64)

4205 (43.62)

7565 (50.74)

 < 0.001

 Dyslipidemia

43,821 (21.22)

3316 (36.00)

3532 (36.64)

6047 (40.56)

 < 0.001

 Diabetes mellitus

14,114 (6.83)

1623 (17.62)

1419 (14.72)

3118 (20.91)

 < 0.001

 Metabolic syndromea

51,166 (24.77)

4786 (51.95)

7247 (75.17)

11,976 (80.32)

 < 0.001

  1. Continuous variables are expressed as means ± standard deviations. Categorical data are presented as frequencies and percentages
  2. AST alanine aminotransferase, ALT aspartate aminotransferase, BMI body mass index, DBP diastolic blood pressure, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, FLI fatty liver index, GGT gamma-glutamyl transferase, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SBP systolic blood pressure
  3. aMetabolic syndrome was defined as three or more of the following five risk factors: Waist circumference ≥ 90 in males and ≥ 80 in females, triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl, HDL < 40 in males and < 50 in females, blood pressure ≥ 130/ ≥ 85, and fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg/dl
Back to article page

Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840