Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the study population stratified by the presence of metabolic syndrome (JIS): Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (1999–2018)
| Â | Overall | Non-MetS | MetS | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of participants | 5079 | 2498 | 2581 | Â |
Continuous variables, Mean ± SD | ||||
 Age (year) | 53.63 ± 9.94 | 52.31 ± 10.12 | 54.92 ± 9.60 |  < 0.01 |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 27.88 ± 4.60 | 26.01 ± 4.10 | 29.68 ± 4.33 |  < 0.01 |
 WC (cm) | 92.71 ± 11.22 | 87.08 ± 9.60 | 98.16 ± 9.91 |  < 0.01 |
 WHR | 0.91 ± 0.08 | 0.88 ± 0.08 | 0.94 ± 0.08 |  < 0.01 |
 SBP (mmHg) | 126.11 ± 20.90 | 117.70 ± 17.56 | 134.26 ± 20.64 |  < 0.01 |
 DBP (mmHg) | 80.10 ± 11.43 | 75.48 ± 10.02 | 84.56 ± 10.93 |  < 0.01 |
 RHR (beat/min) | 78.34 ± 11.44 | 77.20 ± 11.14 | 79.45 ± 11.61 |  < 0.01 |
 FPG (mg/dl) | 105.18 ± 39.38 | 92.95 ± 22.98 | 117.02 ± 47.50 |  < 0.01 |
 HDL-C (mg/dl) | 41.67 ± 10.95 | 44.64 ± 11.64 | 38.80 ± 9.38 |  < 0.01 |
 TG (mg/dl) | 165 (115–233)* | 122 (91–161)* | 210 (165–280)* |  < 0.01 |
Categorical variables, number (%) | ||||
 Men | 2294 (45.17) | 1249 (50) | 1045 (40.49) |  < 0.01 |
 Current smoking, yes | 803 (15.81) | 481 (19.26) | 322 (12.48) |  < 0.01 |
 Family History of premature CVD, yes | 932 (18.35) | 418 (16.73) | 514 (19.91) |  < 0.01 |
 Glucose-lowering drug use, yes | 335 (6.60) | 55 (2.20) | 280 (10.85) |  < 0.01 |
 Antihypertensive drug use, yes | 569 (11.20) | 98 (3.92) | 471 (18.25) |  < 0.01 |
 Lipid-lowering drug use, yes | 252 (4.96) | 24 (0.96) | 228 (8.83) |  < 0.01 |