Table 1 Characteristics of acute ischemic stroke patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus included according to TyG index quintiles
Characteristics | Overall (N = 3359) | TyG index quartiles | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  |  | Quarter 1 (N = 839) | Quarter 2 (N = 841) | Quarter 3 (N = 839) | Quarter 4 (N = 840) |  |
Patients | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age, years | 65.0 (57.0–73.0) | 68.0 (60.0–76.0) | 65.0 (57.0–74.0) | 65.0 (57.0–73.0) | 61.0 (54.0–69.0) |  < 0.001 |
Male, n (%) | 1990 (59.2) | 533 (63.5) | 511 (60.8) | 476 (56.7) | 470 (56.0) | 0.004 |
Han, n (%) | 3257 (97.0) | 815 (97.1) | 812 (96.6) | 818 (97.5) | 812 (96.7) | 0.652 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.2 (22.7–26.3) | 24.1 (22.2–25.8) | 24.4 (22.9–26.3) | 24.5 (22.9–26.6) | 24.5 (22.9–26.7) |  < 0.001 |
SBP, mm Hg | 150.0 (135.0–162.0) | 145.0 (131.0–160.0) | 150.0 (134.0–160.0) | 150.0 (135.0–167.0) | 150.0 (135.0–165.5) | 0.144 |
DBP, mm Hg | 86.0 (80.0–95.0) | 83.0 (80.0–90.0) | 85.0 (80.0–94.0) | 89.0 (80.0–96.0) | 90.0 (80.0–100.0) |  < 0.001 |
NIHSS on admission, median (IQR) | 4.0 (2.0–7.0) | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) | 4.0 (2.0–7.0) | 4.0 (2.0–7.0) | 4.0 (2.0–6.0) | 0.231 |
Intravenous thrombolysis (r-tPA) | 34 (1.0) | 15 (1.8) | 10 (1.2) | 4 (0.5) | 5 (0.6) | 0.027 |
Laboratory examination | ||||||
HbA1c | 7.8 ± 2.0 | 7.0 ± 1.6 | 7.4 ± 1.6 | 8.0 ± 2.1 | 8.8 ± 2.1 |  < 0.001 |
TC, mg/dl, mean (SD) | 4.8 ± 1.3 | 4.2 ± 1.1 | 4.7 ± 1.1 | 5.0 ± 1.2 | 5.3 ± 1.4 |  < 0.001 |
TG, mg/dl, mean (SD) | 2.0 ± 1.5 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 2.0 ± 0.6 | 3.7 ± 2.1 |  < 0.001 |
HDL-C, mg/dl, mean (SD) | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.4 |  < 0.001 |
LDL-C, mg/dl, mean (SD) | 2.9 ± 1.0 | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 3.0 ± 0.9 | 3.1 ± 1.1 | 3.1 ± 1.0 |  < 0.001 |
FBG, mg/dl, mean (SD) | 8.6 ± 3.4 | 6.2 ± 1.8 | 7.7 ± 2.0 | 9.0 ± 2.7 | 11.5 ± 4.0 |  < 0.001 |
TyG index, mean (SD) | 1.9 ± 0.8 | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 2.9 ± 0.4 |  < 0.001 |
Medication history | ||||||
Antihypertension | 1781 (53.0) | 446 (53.2) | 455 (54.1) | 443 (52.8) | 437 (52.0) | 0.861 |
Statins | 301 (9.0) | 101 (12.0) | 79 (9.4) | 69 (8.2) | 52 (6.2) | 0.001 |
Antidiabetics | 1657 (49.3) | 380 (45.3) | 423 (50.3) | 418 (49.8) | 436 (51.9) | 0.044 |
Anticoagulation | 36 (1.1) | 13 (1.5) | 9 (1.1) | 9 (1.1) | 5 (0.6) | 0.307 |
Medical history | ||||||
IS, n (%) | 1121 (33.4) | 317 (37.8) | 299 (35.6) | 265 (31.6) | 240 (28.6) | 0.001 |
TIA, n (%) | 145 (4.3) | 38 (4.5) | 41 (4.9) | 37 (4.4) | 29 (3.5) | 0.519 |
ICH, n (%) | 77 (2.3) | 28 (3.3) | 24 (2.9) | 15 (1.8) | 10 (1.2) | 0.013 |
MI, n (%) | 100 (3.0) | 31 (3.7) | 27 (3.2) | 22 (2.6) | 20 (2.4) | 0.383 |
AF, n (%) | 222 (6.6) | 84 (10.0) | 58 (6.9) | 47 (5.6) | 33 (3.9) |  < 0.001 |
CS, n (%) | 24 (0.7) | 6 (0.7) | 8 (1.0) | 8 (1.0) | 2 (0.2) | 0.258 |
Medication at discharge | ||||||
Antithrombotics | 3005 (89.5) | 754 (89.9) | 750 (89.2) | 749 (89.3) | 752 (89.5) | 0.968 |
Antihypertensive agents | 1807 (53.8) | 417 (49.7) | 459 (54.6) | 467 (55.7) | 464 (55.2) | 0.052 |
Statins | 1323 (39.4) | 296 (35.3) | 344 (40.9) | 344 (41.0) | 339 (40.4) | 0.046 |
Antidiabetic agents | 2019 (60.1) | 381 (45.4) | 477 (56.7) | 540 (64.4) | 621 (73.9) |  < 0.001 |
TOAST subtypes, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
Cardio embolism | 267 (7.9) | 104 (12.4) | 73 (8.7) | 53 (6.3) | 37 (4.4) | Â |
Large artery atherosclerosis | 136 (4.0) | 30 (3.6) | 30 (3.6) | 43 (5.1) | 33 (3.9) | Â |
Small artery occlusion | 1662 (49.5) | 387 (46.1) | 413 (49.1) | 403 (48.0) | 459 (54.6) | Â |
Other/undetermined | 392 (11.7) | 106 (12.6) | 102 (12.1) | 97 (11.6) | 87 (10.4) | Â |
Undefined | 902 (26.9) | 212 (25.3) | 223 (26.5) | 243 (29.0) | 224 (26.7) | Â |