Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Age, years

52.2 ± 11.8

53.5 ± 12.0

52.9 ± 11.9

51.9 ± 11.7

50.6 ± 11.5

 < 0.0001

Male, n (%)

30,634 (75.1)

6174 (60.5)

7515 (73.7)

8192 (80.3)

8753 (85.8)

 < 0.0001

CumCRP, mg/L

1.6 (0.8‒3.1)

1.2 (0.6‒2.3)

1.5 (0.8‒2.9)

1.7 (0.9‒3.4)

2.0 (1.1‒4.0)

 < 0.0001

CumMON, 10⁹/L

0.3 (0.3‒0.4)

0.2 (0.2‒0.3)

0.3 (0.3‒0.3)

0.4 (0.3‒0.4)

0.5 (0.4‒0.6)

 < 0.0001

CumHDL‒C, mmol/L

1.5 (1.3‒1.8)

1.7 (1.5‒2.0)

1.6 (1.4‒1.8)

1.5 (1.3‒1.6)

1.4 (1.2‒1.6)

 < 0.0001

CumTyG

8.9 ± 1.1

8.5 ± 1.1

8.8 ± 1.1

9.0 ± 1.1

9.3 ± 1.1

 < 0.0001

BMI, kg/m²

25.0 ± 3.3

24.2 ± 3.2

24.8 ± 3.3

25.3 ± 3.3

25.6 ± 3.4

 < 0.0001

BMI categorical

 < 0.0001

Underweight

531 (1.3)

225 (2.2)

137 (1.3)

87 (0.9)

82 (0.8)

Normal weight

20,599 (50.5)

6130 (60.1)

5353 (52.5)

4807 (47.1)

4309 (42.2)

Overweight

16,774 (41.1)

3414 (33.5)

4046 (40.0)

4498 (44.1)

4816 (47.2)

Obesity

2909 (7.1)

434 (4.3)

667 (6.5)

811 (8.0)

997 (9.8)

SBP, mm Hg

129.6 ± 18.6

128.0 ± 18.8

129.6 ± 18.7

130.2 ± 18.6

130.7 ± 18.1

 < 0.0001

DBP, mm Hg

80.7 (79.3‒90.0)

80.0 (77.7‒90.0)

80.7 (80.0‒90.0)

81.7 (80.0‒90.0)

83.0 (80.0‒90.0)

 < 0.0001

FBG, mmol/L

5.2 ± 0.6

5.2 ± 0.6

5.2 ± 0.6

5.2 ± 0.6

5.2 ± 0.6

0.0921

HDL-C, mmol/L

1.5 (1.2‒1.8)

1.8 (1.5‒2.1)

1.6 (1.3‒1.9)

1.4 (1.2‒1.7)

1.3 (1.1‒1.5)

 < 0.0001

LDL-C, mmol/L

2.6 ± 0.8

2.6 ± 0.8

2.6 ± 0.8

2.6 ± 0.8

2.5 ± 0.8

 < 0.0001

TC, mmol/L

5.0 ± 1.0

5.2 ± 1.0

5.0 ± 1.0

4.9 ± 0.9

4.8 ± 0.9

 < 0.0001

TG, mmol/L

1.3 (0.9‒1.8)

1.1 (0.8‒1.6)

1.2 (0.9‒1.7)

1.3 (0.9‒1.9)

1.4 (1.1‒2.1)

 < 0.0001

TyG

8.6 ± 0.6

8.5 ± 0.6

8.6 ± 0.6

8.7 ± 0.6

8.7 ± 0.6

 < 0.0001

Leukocyte counts, 10⁹/L

6.1 (5.2‒7.2)

5.3 (4.5‒6.2)

5.9 (5.1‒6.9)

6.4 (5.5‒7.4)

7.0 (6.0‒8.2)

 < 0.0001

eGFR, ml/min/1.73m²

81.9 (59.2‒96.8)

90.0 (68.7‒100.6)

83.6 (60.2‒97.5)

74.5 (57.0‒94.7)

69.4 (55.9‒93.0)

 < 0.0001

HsCRP, mg/L

1.0 (0.5‒2.4)

0.9 (0.5‒1.8)

1.0 (0.5‒2.2)

1.1 (0.5‒2.6)

1.3 (0.5‒3.2)

 < 0.0001

Alcohol consumption, n (%)

 < 0.0001

No

26,752 (65.5)

6966 (68.3)

6703 (65.7)

6582 (64.5)

6501 (63.7)

Yes

14,061 (34.5)

3237 (31.7)

3500 (34.3)

3621 (35.5)

3703 (36.3)

Smoking status, n (%)

 < 0.0001

Never smoker

25,248 (61.9)

7235 (70.9)

6447 (63.2)

6082 (59.6)

5484 (53.7)

Former smoker

1796 (4.4)

382 (3.7)

469 (4.6)

451 (4.4)

494 (4.8)

Current smoker

13,769 (33.7)

2586 (25.3)

3287 (32.2)

3670 (36.0)

4226 (41.4)

Family history of diabetes

2162 (5.3)

541 (5.3)

511 (5.0)

511 (5.0)

599 (5.9)

0.0179

Education, n (%)

 < 0.0001

Less than high school

31,295 (76.7)

7329 (71.8)

7773 (76.2)

8019 (78.6)

8174 (80.1)

High school and above

9518 (23.3)

2874 (28.2)

2430 (23.8)

2184 (21.4)

2030 (19.9)

Physical activities, n (%)

 < 0.0001

Low

13,749 (33.7)

3911 (38.3)

3503 (34.3)

3276 (32.1)

3059 (30.0)

Moderate

21,329 (52.3)

4492 (44.0)

5217 (51.1)

5628 (55.2)

5992 (58.7)

High

5735 (14.1)

1800 (17.6)

1483 (14.5)

1299 (12.7)

1153 (11.3)

Hypertension

19,733 (48.3)

4373 (42.9)

4865 (47.7)

5101 (50.0)

5394 (52.9)

 < 0.0001

Dyslipidemia

11,100 (27.2)

2363 (23.2)

2462 (24.1)

2826 (27.7)

3449 (33.8)

 < 0.0001

Fatty liver degree

 < 0.0001

Normal

24,763 (60.7)

7030 (68.9)

6362 (62.4)

5852 (57.4)

5519 (54.1)

Gentle

10,535 (25.8)

2312 (22.7)

2627 (25.8)

2789 (27.3)

2807 (27.5)

Moderate

4657 (11.4)

795 (7.8)

1052 (10.3)

1312 (12.9)

1498 (14.7)

Severe

858 (2.1)

66 (0.7)

162 (1.6)

250 (2.5)

380 (3.7)

Antihypertensives, n (%)

2201 (5.4)

593 (5.8)

551 (5.4)

537 (5.3)

520 (5.1)

0.1302

Statin, n (%)

230 (0.6)

56 (0.5)

62 (0.6)

45 (0.4)

67 (0.7)

0.1949

Fibrate, n (%)

65 (0.2)

9 (0.1)

16 (0.2)

17 (0.2)

23 (0.2)

0.1075