Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study cohort

Male (%)

193(41.7%)

226(66.3%)^a

341(96.6%)^a,b

Age (years old)

71.44 ± 9.21

69.98 ± 9.56

65.89 ± 10.15^a,b

BMI (kg/m²)

24.69 ± 3.51

24.71 ± 3.38

24.64 ± 3.26

Smoking history (%)

0(0.0%)

130(38.1%)^a

322(91.2%)^a,b

Alcohol (%)

4(0.9%)

96(28.2%)^a

211 (59.8%)^a,b

Hypertension (%)

389(84.0%)

254(74.5%)^a

280(79.3%)

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

137.71 ± 19.45

136.04 ± 20.27

136.48 ± 20.69

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

79.82 ± 12.61

77.60 ± 11.51

81.31 ± 13.30^b

Pulse pressure (mmHg)

57.89 ± 17.13

58.43 ± 17.66

55.16 ± 15.33^b

CAD family history (%)

19(4.1%)

14(4.1%)

30(8.5%)^a

Diabetes duration (year)

9.94 ± 7.29

7.90 ± 8.20^a

9.70 ± 7.37^b

HbA1c (%)

7.41 ± 1.48

7.52 ± 1.65

7.62 ± 1.54

Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)

7.50 ± 2.60

7.99 ± 2.91

7.56 ± 2.58

Cholesterol(mmol/L)

3.96 ± 1.18

4.06 ± 1.12

3.89 ± 1.06

Triglyceride(mmol/L)

1.58 ± 1.08

1.64 ± 1.28

1.65 ± 1.02

HDL-C(mmol/L)

1.16 ± 0.31

1.12 ± 0.35

1.07 ± 0.28^a,b

LDL-C(mmol/L)

2.22 ± 0.93

2.32 ± 0.92

2.23 ± 0.87

Serum uric acid (µmol/L)

318.97 ± 97.29

328.26 ± 98.99

337.27 ± 90.12^a

eGFR(ml/min/1.73m²)

78.75 ± 17.08

78.72 ± 16.95

83.81 ± 19.06^a,b

Serum creatinine (µmol/L)

74.46 ± 22.18

79.79 ± 21.97^a

81.77 ± 23.20^a

Diabetes treatment (%)

 Oral

463(100.0%)

0(0.0%)^a

353(100.0%)^b

 Biguanides

257(55.5%)

0(0.0%)^a

217(61.5%)^b

 α-Glucosidase inhibitor

153(33.0%)

0(0.0%)^a

137(38.8%)^b

 Sulfonylureas

123(26.6%)

0(0.0%)^a

84(23.8%)^b

 Insulin

119(25.7%)

122(35.8%)^a

101(28.6%)

 Without drug

0(0.0%)

197(57.8%)^a

0(0.0%)^b

 Statins (%)

123(26.6%)

60(17.6%)^a

97(27.5%)^b