Table 1 Baseline characteristics in 618,694 patients attending the emergency department
From: Admission glucose as a prognostic marker for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease
Variables | All | Hypoglycemia < 3.9 mmol/L | NGT 3.9–7.7 mmol/L | Dysglycemia 7.8–11.1 mmol/L | Hyperglycemia > 11.1 mmol/L |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 618,694 | 1871 | 525,636 | 77,442 | 13,745 |
Age, Mean (SD) | 47.6 (17.9) | 39.6 (16.9) | 46.2 (17.7) | 56.1 (16.6) | 57.2 (15.8) |
Men, n (%) | 299,151 (48.4) | 778 (41.6) | 247,466 (47.1) | 42,510 (54.9) | 8397 (61.1) |
Comorbidities | |||||
Hypertension, n (%) | 47,340 (7.7) | 105 (5.6) | 36,009 (6.9) | 9514 (12.3) | 1712 (12.5) |
Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 17,169 (2.8) | 44 (2.4) | 13,458 (2.6) | 3127 (4.0) | 540 (3.9) |
Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 23,272 (3.8) | 52 (2.8) | 17,925 (3.4) | 4471 (5.8) | 824 (6.0) |
Prior CABG, n (%) | 3015 (0.5) | 6 (0.3) | 2442 (0.5) | 486 (0.6) | 81 (0.6) |
Prior PCI, n (%) | 7337 (1.2) | 9 (0.5) | 5882 (1.1) | 1245 (1.6) | 201 (1.5) |
Prior stroke, n (%) | 11,427 (1.8) | 33 (1.8) | 8828 (1.7) | 2170 (2.8) | 396 (2.9) |
Peripheral arterial disease, n (%) | 1152 (0.2) | 8 (0.4) | 832 (0.2) | 245 (0.3) | 67 (0.5) |
COPD, n (%) | 8485 (1.4) | 40 (2.1) | 6378 (1.2) | 1678 (2.2) | 389 (2.8) |
CKD, n (%) | 2657 (0.4) | 9 (0.5) | 2060 (0.4) | 487 (0.6) | 101 (0.7) |
aHistory of malignancy, n (%) | 18,473 (3.0) | 36 (1.9) | 13,925 (2.6) | 3813 (4.9) | 699 (5.1) |
Laboratory values | |||||
eGFR, Mean (SD) | 96.4 (21.9) | 100.7 (28.5) | 97.7 (21.4) | 87.4 (22.5) | 85.5 (26.1) |
> 60 ml/min, n (%) | 483,942 (94.4) | 1 495 (91.5) | 425 360 (95.3) | 49 045 (88.9) | 8 042 (82.8) |
30–60 ml/min, n (%) | 24,636 (4.8) | 72 (4.4) | 17 976 (4.0) | 5 194 (9.4) | 1 394 (14.3) |
15–30 ml/min, n (%) | 2778 (0.5) | 43 (2.6) | 1 912 (0.4) | 624 (1.1) | 199 (2.0) |
< 15 ml/min, n (%) | 1556 (0.3) | 23 (1.4) | 1 148 (0.3) | 303 (0.5) | 82 (0.8) |
Random glucose, Mean (SD) | 6.5 (2.6) | 3.4 (0.5) | 6.0 (0.8) | 8.8 (0.8) | 17.1 (10.7) |
Medication at index visit | |||||
Statin therapy, n (%) | 46,885 (7.6) | 65 (3.5) | 35,598 (6.8) | 9609 (12.4) | 1613 (11.7) |
Aspirin, n (%) | 40,293 (6.5) | 73 (3.9) | 30,670 (5.8) | 8150 (10.5) | 1400 (10.2) |
P2Y12inhibitors, n (%) | 3439 (0.6) | 11 (0.6) | 2655 (0.5) | 671 (0.9) | 102 (0.7) |
Betablockers, n (%) | 64,023 (10.3) | 132 (7.1) | 48,563 (9.2) | 12,916 (16.7) | 2412 (17.5) |
ACE/ARB, n (%) | 72,244 (11.7) | 98 (5.2) | 55,309 (10.5) | 14,347 (18.5) | 2490 (18.1) |
Calcium channel-blockers, n (%) | 37,065 (6.0) | 60 (3.2) | 27,380 (5.2) | 8186 (10.6) | 1439 (10.5) |
OAC, n (%) | 14,056 (2.3) | 24 (1.3) | 11,046 (2.1) | 2592 (3.3) | 394 (2.9) |
Diuretics, n (%) | 32,342 (5.2) | 72 (3.8) | 23,945 (4.6) | 6894 (8.9) | 1431 (10.4) |
Socioeconomics | |||||
Married, n (%) | 249,471 (40.3) | 500 (26.7) | 206,987 (39.4) | 36,032 (46.5) | 5952 (43.3) |
Not married, n (%) | 346,973 (56.1) | 1333 (71.2) | 301,880 (57.4) | 36,788 (47.5) | 6972 (50.7) |
Widowed, n (%) | 22,250 (3.6) | 38 (2.0) | 16,769 (3.2) | 4622 (6.0) | 821 (6.0) |
Education | |||||
Primary school, n (%) | 131,308 (21.2) | 495 (26.5) | 109,027 (20.7) | 1,991 (23.2) | 3795 (27.6) |
Collage, n (%) | 254,441 (41.1) | 734 (39.2) | 216,009 (41.1) | 31,968 (41.3) | 5730 (41.7) |