Combined evaluation of arterial stiffness, glycemic control and hypertension for macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes

Table 2 Association of combined arterial stiffness and glycemic control status with macrovascular complication

	Cases/total (%)	Incidence rate (per 1000 person years)	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	P value
Model 1
Good glycemic control and normal arterial stiffness	15/183 (8.2)	19.3	Ref.
Good glycemic control and moderate arterial stiffness	82/415 (19.8)	43.6	1.63 (0.91–2.92)	0.103
Good glycemic control and severe arterial stiffness	91/246 (37.0)	88.6	2.34 (1.26–4.35)	0.007
Poor glycemic control and normal arterial stiffness	22/282 (7.8)	21.1	1.14 (0.58–2.26)	0.698
Poor glycemic control and moderate arterial stiffness	84/521 (16.1)	42.6	1.87 (1.05–3.34)	0.033
Poor glycemic control and severe arterial stiffness	65/223 (29.1)	84.3	2.65 (1.42–4.95)	0.002
Model 2
Good glycemic control and moderate arterial stiffness			1.57 (0.85–2.89)	0.147
Good glycemic control and severe arterial stiffness			2.24 (1.17–4.30)	0.016
Poor glycemic control and normal arterial stiffness			1.19 (0.59–2.41)	0.632
Poor glycemic control and moderate arterial stiffness			1.98 (1.08–3.61)	0.027
Poor glycemic control and severe arterial stiffness			2.73 (1.42–5.25)	0.003

Normal arterial stiffness (baPWV < 1400 cm/s); moderate arterial stiffness (1400 ≤ baPWV < 1800 cm/s); severe arterial stiffness (baPWV ≥ 1800 cm/s). Good and poor glycemic control were defined as fasting glucose < 7.0 mmol/L and ≥ 7.0 mmol/L
Model 1: adjusted for age (continuous) and sex; model 2: adjusted for age (continuous), sex, obesity (yes/no), eGFR (continuous), LDL cholesterol (continuous), hypertension (yes/no), current smoking (yes/no) and physical activity (yes/no)
baPWV, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate

ISSN: 1475-2840