Risk of heart failure in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation and diabetes taking different oral anticoagulants: a nationwide cohort study

Table 5 Risk of heart failure in older patients with atrial fibrillation and diabetes receiving NOAC versus warfarin in the sensitivity analysis applying on-treatment design, that restricting patients with MPR ≥ 80%, that excluding patients with CKD, and that considering cluster effects of different physicians

	Fine stratification weights estimating ATE^*		Fine stratification weights estimating ATT^**
	HR^† (95% CI)	p-value	HR^† (95% CI)	p-value
Applying on-treatment design
NOAC vs warfarin	0.67 (0.60–0.75)	< 0.001	0.64 (0.57–0.72)	< 0.001
Restricting on patients with MPR ≥ 80%
NOAC vs warfarin	0.47 (0.40–0.56)	< 0.001	0.45 (0.38–0.55)	< 0.001
Excluding patients with CKD
NOAC vs warfarin	0.79 (0.72–0.87)	< 0.001	0.76 (0.69–0.85)	< 0.001
Considering cluster effects of different physicians^‡
NOAC vs warfarin	0.80 (0.74–0.86)	< 0.001	0.77 (0.70–0.84)	< 0.001

ATE average treatment effect in the whole population, ATT average treatment effect among the treated population, CI confidence interval, CKD chronic kidney disease, HR hazard ratio, MPR medication possession ratio, NOAC non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant, ref. reference
^*Propensity score-based fine stratification weighting which estimated the average treatment effect in the whole population
^**Propensity score-based fine stratification weighting which estimated the average treatment effect among the treated population
^†The HR is calculated using patients taking warfarin as the reference group
^‡We included shared frailty, estimating the cluster random effect of different physicians, into the regression model to consider the potential variation from each different physician who initiated the NOAC/warfarin prescription

ISSN: 1475-2840