| Population with fine stratification weights (ATE)* | Population with fine stratification weights (ATT)** | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NOAC (N = 19,591) | Warfarin (N = 5,117) | SMD†| NOAC (N = 19,591) | Warfarin (N = 5,117) | SMD†| |
Age (years)‡ | 76.6 ± 7.3 | 76.7 ± 7.6 | 0.013 | 76.8 ± 7.4 | 76.9 ± 7.7 | 0.013 |
Sex | ||||||
 Male | 52.3 | 53.0 | 0.014 | 52.3 | 53.6 | 0.026 |
 Female | 47.7 | 47.0 | 0.014 | 47.7 | 46.4 | 0.026 |
Charlson comorbidity index‡§ | 2.7 ± 2.0 | 2.7 ± 1.9 | 0.000 | 2.7 ± 2.0 | 2.6 ± 1.9 | 0.051 |
CHA2DS2-VASc score‡# | 4.3 ± 1.5 | 4.2 ± 1.5 | 0.067 | 4.2 ± 1.5 | 4.1 ± 1.6 | 0.065 |
Comorbidities | ||||||
 Hypertension | 78.1 | 77.1 | 0.024 | 77.5 | 76.3 | 0.029 |
 Coronary artery disease | 30.5 | 30.6 | 0.002 | 30.0 | 30.2 | 0.004 |
 COPD | 12.9 | 13.6 | 0.021 | 12.7 | 13.6 | 0.027 |
 Chronic kidney disease | 13.7 | 14.3 | 0.017 | 13.2 | 14.1 | 0.026 |
 Cirrhosis | 4.0 | 4.5 | 0.025 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 0.036 |
 Hyperlipidemia | 39.8 | 39.3 | 0.010 | 40.3 | 39.8 | 0.010 |
 Stroke | 32.2 | 29.9 | 0.050 | 32.0 | 28.6 | 0.074 |
 Rheumatoid arthritis | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.012 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.012 |
 Gout | 9.6 | 9.5 | 0.003 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 0.004 |
 Dementia | 7.3 | 6.8 | 0.020 | 7.6 | 6.9 | 0.027 |
 Malignancy | 9.4 | 9.3 | 0.003 | 9.5 | 9.4 | 0.003 |
Medication use | ||||||
 Statins | 40.2 | 39.7 | 0.010 | 41.3 | 40.8 | 0.010 |
 ACEI or ARB | 61.7 | 61.8 | 0.002 | 61.9 | 62.0 | 0.002 |
 β blockers | 44.5 | 45.8 | 0.026 | 44.3 | 45.9 | 0.032 |
 Calcium channel blockers | 46.9 | 47.4 | 0.010 | 45.9 | 46.6 | 0.014 |
 Diuretics | 22.3 | 23.7 | 0.033 | 21.0 | 23.0 | 0.048 |
 NSAID | 33.4 | 32.6 | 0.017 | 33.4 | 32.3 | 0.023 |
 Corticosteroids | 5.8 | 5.7 | 0.004 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 0.004 |
 Antipsychotics | 5.3 | 5.2 | 0.005 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 0.000 |
 Proton pump inhibitors | 9.0 | 8.2 | 0.029 | 9.1 | 8.0 | 0.039 |
Baseline diabetes medications | ||||||
 Metformin | 48.6 | 47.4 | 0.024 | 49.3 | 47.5 | 0.036 |
 Sulfonylurea | 31.4 | 30.4 | 0.022 | 30.1 | 28.9 | 0.026 |
 Meglitinide | 5.7 | 5.5 | 0.009 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 0.009 |
 AGI | 7.7 | 8.7 | 0.037 | 7.3 | 8.6 | 0.048 |
 TZD | 4.8 | 4.6 | 0.010 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 0.019 |
 DPP-4i | 26.7 | 27.7 | 0.023 | 27.6 | 29.1 | 0.033 |
 SGLT-2i | 1.7 | 2.0 | 0.022 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 0.020 |
 GLP-1 RA | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.000 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.000 |
 Insulin | 10.2 | 10.0 | 0.007 | 9.9 | 9.8 | 0.003 |
Numbers of diabetes medications | ||||||
 Without medications | 33.3 | 33.8 | 0.011 | 33.7 | 34.5 | 0.017 |
 1 type | 24.4 | 23.3 | 0.026 | 24.2 | 22.8 | 0.033 |
 2 types | 21.4 | 22.4 | 0.024 | 21.3 | 22.0 | 0.017 |
  ≥ 3 types | 20.9 | 20.5 | 0.010 | 20.8 | 20.7 | 0.003 |
Duration of diabetes& | ||||||
  < 2 years | 21.8 | 20.6 | 0.029 | 18.0 | 15.8 | 0.059 |
  ≥ 2 years | 78.2 | 79.4 | 0.029 | 82.0 | 84.2 | 0.059 |
Duration of AF& | ||||||
  < 2 years | 71.2 | 68.5 | 0.059 | 69.9 | 66.0 | 0.084 |
  ≥ 2 years | 28.8 | 31.5 | 0.059 | 30.1 | 34.0 | 0.084 |
Index year | ||||||
 2012–2013 | 13.3 | 13.5 | 0.006 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 0.004 |
 2014–2015 | 23.6 | 24.0 | 0.009 | 21.2 | 21.7 | 0.012 |
 2016–2017 | 30.4 | 28.9 | 0.033 | 33.9 | 32.1 | 0.038 |
 2018–2019 | 32.7 | 33.6 | 0.019 | 38.4 | 39.5 | 0.023 |
Income level (NTD) | ||||||
 Financially dependent | 29.5 | 29.2 | 0.007 | 29.5 | 29.1 | 0.009 |
 15,840–29,999 | 47.8 | 47.9 | 0.002 | 47.2 | 47.6 | 0.008 |
 30,000–44,999 | 11.2 | 11.1 | 0.003 | 11.2 | 11.0 | 0.006 |
  ≥ 45,000 | 11.6 | 11.7 | 0.003 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 0.000 |
Hospital level of OAC initiation | ||||||
 Medical center | 36.2 | 34.1 | 0.044 | 38.2 | 35.2 | 0.062 |
 Regional hospital | 44.7 | 47.0 | 0.046 | 44.4 | 47.3 | 0.058 |
 District hospital or clinic | 19.1 | 19.0 | 0.003 | 17.5 | 17.5 | 0.000 |
Physician specialty | ||||||
 Cardiologist | 63.7 | 66.2 | 0.052 | 65.2 | 68.5 | 0.070 |
 Neurologist | 19.5 | 16.7 | 0.073 | 20.3 | 16.4 | 0.101 |
 Others | 16.8 | 17.2 | 0.011 | 14.5 | 15.0 | 0.014 |