Fig. 1

The cumulative incidence curves of HF in elderly patients with AF and DM taking NOACs and those taking warfarin. The curves were estimated according to the pseudo-populations constructed by A propensity score-based fine stratification weighting estimating ATE and B that estimating ATT. AF atrial fibrillation, ATE average treatment effect in the whole population, ATT average treatment effect among the treated population, DM diabetes mellitus, NOAC non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant, HF heart failure