Table 3 Baseline and operative characteristics between well-controlled vs. poorly controlled DM groups
Variables | Well-controlled DM group (n = 516) | Poorly-controlled DM group (n = 752) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | Â | Â | Â |
 Age, years | 66.07 ± 8.91 | 63.47 ± 8.61 | < 0.001 |
 Male sex | 397 (76.94%) | 549 (73.01%) | 0.130 |
 Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.56 ± 3.10 | 24.74 ± 3.07 | 0.322 |
Comorbidities | Â | Â | Â |
 Hypertension | 411 (79.7%) | 521 (69.28%) | < 0.001 |
 Dyslipidemia | 156 (30.2%) | 256 (34.04%) | 0.173 |
 Smoking history | 142 (27.5%) | 240 (31.91%) | 0.107 |
 End-stage renal disease requiring dialysis | 42 (8.1%) | 41 (5.45%) | 0.074 |
 Previous cerebrovascular accident | 99 (19.2%) | 109 (14.49%) | 0.032 |
 Abdominal aortic aneurysm | 2 (0.4%) | 1 (0.13%) | 0.743 |
 Peripheral arterial disease | 47 (9.1%) | 62 (8.24%) | 0.662 |
 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 12 (2.3%) | 12 (1.60%) | 0.467 |
 NYHA functional class of ≥ 3 | 39 (7.6%) | 72 (9.57%) | 0.251 |
 CCS functional class of ≥ 3 | 58 (11.2%) | 109 (14.49%) | 0.110 |
Initial clinical presentation | Â | Â | 0.699 |
 Stable ischemic heart disease | 223 (43.2%) | 328 (43.6%) |  |
 Unstable angina | 219 (42.4%) | 305 (40.6%) |  |
 Acute myocardial infarction | 74 (14.3%) | 119 (15.82%) |  |
Laboratory data | Â | Â | Â |
 Peak troponin I, ng/mL | 0.024 (0.006–0.18) | 0.023 (0.006–0.18) | 0.937 |
 Peak CK-MB, ng/mL | 1.35 (0.79–2.7) | 1.28 (0.75–2.27) | 0.134 |
 Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.40 ± 1.91 | 12.79 ± 1.86 | < 0.001 |
 White blood cell count,/mm3 | 6.74 ± 1.87 | 7.08 ± 1.91 | 0.002 |
 Creatinine, mg/dL | 1 (0.82–1.26) | 0.98 (0.81–1.2) | 0.053 |
 GFR of < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 | 234 (45.4%) | 297 (39.49%) | 0.044 |
 Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 149.80 ± 39.56 | 156.79 ± 42.59 | 0.004 |
 Low-density lipoprotein, mg/dL | 93.29 ± 36.34 | 97.19 ± 36.97 | 0.083 |
 High-density lipoprotein, mg/dL | 41.64 ± 10.66 | 41.07 ± 10.58 | 0.385 |
 C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 0.14 (0.05–0.46) | 0.15 (0.06–0.48) | 0.485 |
Preoperative echography | Â | Â | Â |
 Ejection fraction, % | 57.51 ± 12.06 | 56.28 ± 12.40 | 0.079 |
 Left ventricular dysfunction |  |  | 0.115 |
  Normal | 407 (78.9%) | 555 (73.80%) |  |
  Mild dysfunction | 56 (10.9%) | 103 (13.70%) |  |
  ≥ Moderate dysfunction | 53 (10.3%) | 94 (12.50%) | 0.286 |
 MR more than mild | 16 (3.1%) | 15 (1.99%) |  |
 AR more than mild | 2 (0.4%) | 2 (0.27%) | > 0.999 |
 TR more than mild | 1 (0.2%) | 5 (0.66%) | 0.433 |
Preoperative coronary angiography | Â | Â | Â |
 Left main disease | 113 (21.9%) | 152 (20.21%) | 0.512 |
 3-vessel disease | 406 (78.7%) | 579 (76.99%) | 0.522 |
 2-vessel disease | 108 (20.9%) | 170 (22.61%) | 0.522 |
 1-vessel disease | 2 (0.4%) | 3 (0.40%) | > 0.999 |
Operative characteristics | Â | Â | Â |
 Type of surgery |  |  | 0.913 |
  Elective | 509 (98.6%) | 740 (98.40%) |  |
  Urgent | 7 (1.4%) | 12 (1.60%) |  |
 Number of anastomoses | 4.20 ± 0.98 | 4.18 ± 1.01 | 0.673 |
 Graft |  |  |  |
  Left internal thoracic artery |  |  |  |
   In situ graft | 498 (96.5%) | 736 (97.87%) | 0.195 |
   Composite graft | 21 (4.1%) | 33 (4.39%) | 0.893 |
   Free graft | 9 (1.7%) | 11 (1.46%) | 0.868 |
  Right internal thoracic artery |  |  |  |
   In situ graft | 10 (1.9%) | 10 (1.33%) | 0.532 |
   Composite graft |  |  | 0.403 |
    1 | 472 (91.5%) | 697 (92.69%) |  |
    2 | 20 (3.9%) | 31 (4.12%) |  |
   Free graft | 18 (3.5%) | 22 (2.93%) | 0.689 |
Medications | Â | Â | Â |
 Aspirin | 513 (99.4%) | 746 (99.2%) | 0.746 |
 P2Y12 inhibitors* | 379 (73.4%) | 511 (68.0%) | 0.039 |
 Beta-blockers | 413 (80.0%) | 608 (80.9%) | 0.719 |
 ACE inhibitors or ARB | 147 (28.5%) | 232 (30.9%) | 0.382 |
 Statins | 416 (80.6%) | 587 (78.1%) | 0.292 |