Table 1 Baseline and operative characteristics between the non-DM and DM groups
|  | Non-DM group (n = 1884) | DM group (n = 1511) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | Â | Â | Â |
 Age, years | 62.62 ± 10.29 | 64.16 ± 8.80 | < 0.001 |
 Male sex | 1505 (79.8%) | 1114 (73.7%) | < 0.001 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.82 ± 2.90 | 24.65 ± 3.09 | 0.120 |
Cardiovascular risk factors | Â | Â | Â |
 Hypertension | 1081 (57.4%) | 1090 (72.1%) | < 0.001 |
 Dyslipidemia | 546 (28.9%) | 464 (30.7%) | 0.291 |
 Smoking history | 649 (34.5%) | 455 (30.1%) | 0.008 |
 End-stage renal disease requiring dialysis | 30 (1.59%) | 92 (6.1%) | < 0.001 |
 Previous cerebrovascular accident | 198 (10.5%) | 246 (16.2%) | < 0.001 |
 Abdominal aortic aneurysm | 28 (1.5%) | 4 (0.2%) | < 0.001 |
 Peripheral arterial disease | 104 (5.5%) | 127 (8.4%) | 0.001 |
 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 46 (2.4%) | 27 (1.8%) | 0.235 |
 NYHA functional class of ≥ 3 | 126 (6.7%) | 149 (9.8%) | 0.001 |
 CCS functional class of ≥ 3 | 317 (16.8%) | 265 (17.5%) | 0.616 |
Initial clinical presentation | Â | Â | Â |
 Stable ischemic heart disease | 829 (44.0%) | 668 (44.2%) | 0.300 |
 Unstable angina | 794 (42.1%) | 608 (40.2%) |  |
 Acute myocardial infarction | 261 (13.8%) | 235 (15.6%) |  |
Laboratory data | Â | Â | Â |
 Peak troponin I, ng/mL | 0.027 (0.006–0.15) | 0.032 (0.007–0.18) | 0.125 |
 Peak CK-MB, ng/mL | 1.19 (0.65–2.13) | 1.31 (0.76–2.39) | 0.002 |
 Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.49 ± 1.67 | 12.66 ± 1.85 | < 0.001 |
 White blood cell count,/mm3 | 6.85 ± 1.87 | 6.93 ± 1.91 | 0.235 |
 Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.91 (0.8–1.07) | 0.99 (0.82–1.22) | < 0.001 |
 GFR< 60 mL/min/1.73m2 | 472 (25.1%) | 619 (41.0%) | < 0.001 |
 Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 167.09 ± 43.13 | 155.73 ± 41.13 | < 0.001 |
 Low-density lipoprotein, mg/dL | 109.29 ± 40.62 | 97.29 ± 36.60 | < 0.001 |
 High-density lipoprotein, mg/dL | 43.49 ± 11.06 | 41.09 ± 10.60 | < 0.001 |
 C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 0.17 (0.06–0.52) | 0.15 (0.06–0.51) | 0.493 |
Preoperative echography | Â | Â | Â |
 Ejection fraction, % | 58.96 ± 10.78 | 56.46 ± 12.32 | < 0.001 |
 Left ventricular dysfunction |  |  | < 0.001 |
  Normal | 1580 (83.8%) | 1133 (74.9%) |  |
  Mild dysfunction | 188 (9.9%) | 198 (13.1%) |  |
  ≥ Moderate dysfunction | 116 (6.1%) | 180 (11.9%) |  |
 MR more than mild | 41 (2.2%) | 39 (2.6%) | 0.510 |
 AR more than mild | 7 (0.4%) | 5 (0.3%) | > 0.999 |
 TR more than mild | 16 (0.9%) | 9 (0.6%) | 0.511 |
Preoperative coronary angiography | Â | Â | Â |
 Left main disease | 504 (26.8%) | 318 (21.1%) | < 0.001 |
 3-vessel disease | 1221 (64.8%) | 1142 (75.6%) | < 0.001 |
 2-vessel disease | 634 (33.7%) | 364 (24.1%) | < 0.001 |
 1-vessel disease | 29 (1.5%) | 5 (0.3%) | 0.001 |
Operative characteristics | Â | Â | Â |
 Type of surgery |  |  | 0.169 |
  Elective | 1839 (97.6%) | 1486 (98.4%) |  |
  Urgent | 45 (2.4%) | 25 (1.75%) |  |
 Number of anastomoses | 3.87 ± 1.07 | 4.10 ± 1.02 | < 0.001 |
 Graft |  |  |  |
  Left internal thoracic artery |  |  |  |
   In situ graft | 1863 (98.9%) | 1471 (97.4%) | 0.001 |
   Composite graft | 65 (3.5%) | 63 (4.2%) | 0.316 |
   Free graft | 10 (0.5%) | 23 (1.5%) | 0.006 |
  Right internal thoracic artery |  |  |  |
   In situ graft | 32 (1.7%) | 29 (1.92%) | 0.725 |
   Composite graft |  |  | 0.264 |
    1 | 1756 (93.2%) | 1387 (91.8%) |  |
    2 | 53 (2.8%) | 55 (3.6%) |  |
   Free graft | 63 (3.3%) | 60 (4.0%) | 0.379 |
 Medications |  |  |  |
  Aspirin | 1879 (99.7%) | 1500 (99.3%) | 0.075 |
  P2Y12 inhibitors* | 111 (59.0%) | 935 (61.9%) | 0.104 |
  Beta-blockers | 1381 (73.3%) | 1149 (76.0%) | 0.075 |
  ACE inhibitors or ARB | 516 (27.4%) | 483 (32.0%) | 0.004 |
  Statins | 1507 (80.0%) | 1214 (80.3%) | 0.829 |