Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants

TyG index

8.08 (7.93–8.21)

8.50 (8.41–8.60)

8.87 (8.78–8.96)

9.39 (9.21–9.71)

 < 0.001

Gender (male/%)

223/37.6

326/55.1

391/65.9

441/74.5

 < 0.001

Age (years)

46.00 (40.00–52.00)

48.00 (42.00–55.00)

49.00 (42.50–55.00)

50.00 (44.00–56.00)

 < 0.001

BMI (kg/m²)

22.03 (20.29–24.26)

23.73 (21.86–25.60)

24.73 (22.77–26.73)

25.61 (24.01–27.45)

 < 0.001

Dyslipidemia (n/%)

8/1.3

17/2.9

28/4.7

60/10.1

 < 0.001

Diabetes (n/%)

2/0.3

15/2.5

29/4.9

98/16.6

 < 0.001

Hypertension (n/%)

75/12.6

146/24.7

180/30.4

247/41.7

 < 0.001

Smoking History

 < 0.001

Never(n/%)

526/88.7

482/81.4

452/76.2

410/69.3

Former (n/%)

15/2.5

21/3.5

33/5.6

33/5.6

SBP (mmHg)

116 (106–127)

120 (110.25–132)

124 (114.5–135)

128 (119–138)

 < 0.001

DBP (mmHg)

70 (64–78)

75 (67–83)

77 (70–86)

82 (75–89)

 < 0.001

TC (mmol/L)

5.14 (4.49–5.78)

5.30 (4.74–6.03)

5.53 (4.95–6.18)

5.79 (5.09–6.65)

 < 0.001

TG (mmol/L)

0.79 (0.68–0.89)

1.17 (1.06–1.28)

1.65 (1.49–1.82)

2.64 (2.23–3.36)

 < 0.001

LDL-C (mmol/L)

3.12 (2.69–3.57)

3.35 (2.94–3.85)

3.55 (3.08–4.00)

3.71 (3.23–4.27)

 < 0.001

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.52 (1.32–1.74)

1.38 (1.17–1.58)

1.27 (1.10–1.44)

1.14 (1.01–1.29)

 < 0.001

FBG (mmol/L)

5.07 (4.81–5.36)

5.29 (5.00–5.60)

5.40 (5.04–5.79)

5.73 (5.30–6.34)

 < 0.001