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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of included RCTs

From: Effect of pharmacological treatment on outcomes of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: an updated systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Study

Year/country

Study

Intervention group

Control group

Design

Age, y

NYHA III-IV, %

All-cause mortality

Cardiovascular mortality

Heart failure hospitalization

Worsening heart failure events

Follow-up

Aronow WS

1997 USA

Open-label

Propranolol (n = 79)

Placebo (n = 79)

LVEF ≥ 40%, > 62 years age

81 ± 8 vs. 81 ± 7

47 vs. 49

44/79 vs. 60/797

/

/

/

35 months

Yusuf, S

2003 Canada

Double-blind

Candesartan (n = 1514)

Placebo (n = 1509)

CHARM preserved trial, LVEF ≥ 40%

67.2 ± 11.1 vs

67.1 ± 11.1

38.5 vs. 40

/

170/1514 vs. 170/1509

241/1514vs.276/1509

/

36.6 months

Zi M

2003 UK

Double-blind

Quinapril (n = 36)

Placebo (n = 38)

LVEF ≥ 40%, > 62 years age

77 ± 7 vs. 78 ± 7

16.7 vs. 26.3

1/36 vs. 1/38

1/36 vs. 1/38

2/36 vs. 5/38

0/36 vs. 4/38

6 months

Cleland, JG

2006 UK

Double-blind

perindopril (n = 424)

Placebo (n = 426)

PEP-CHF, LVEF ≥ 40%, > 70 years age

75 (72,79) vs. 75 (72,79)

23 vs. 26

17/424 vs. 19 /4267

10/424 vs. 17/426

34/424 vs. 53 /426

59/424 vs. 71/426

12 months

Ahmed, A

2006 USA

Open-label

Digoxin (n = 492)

Placebo (n = 496)

LVEF ≥ 45%, > 45 years age

66.7 ± 10.7 vs. 66.9 ± 9.9

21.5 vs. 22.6

115/492 vs. 116/496

81/492 vs. 81/496

61/492 vs. 73/496

89/492 vs. 108/496

37 months

Massie,BM

2008 USA

Single-blind

Irbesartan (n = 2067)

Placebo (n = 2061)

PRESERVE, LVEF ≥ 45%, > 60 years age

72 ± 7 vs. 72 ± 7

80 vs. 79

445/2067 vs. 436 /2061

311/2067 vs. 302 /2061

325/2067 vs. 336 /2061

291/2067 vs. 314 /2061

49.5 months

Yip, GW

2008 Hong Kong

Open-label

Irbesartan (n = 53) vs. Ramipril (n = 39)

Placebo (n = 47)

HK-PROBE, LVEF ≥ 45%, > 18 years age

75 ± 8.5 vs. 74 ± 6.1 vs. 73 ± 8.4

30.4 vs. 33.3 vs. 28.0

1/53 vs. 0/39 vs. 3/47

1/53 vs. 0/39 vs. 1/47

6/53 vs. 5/39 vs. 6/47

/

12 months

Solomon,SD

2012 USA

Double-blind

Sacubitril–valsartan (n = 149)

Valsartan (n = 152)

PARAMOUNT, LVEF ≥ 45%, > 18 years age

70.9 ± 9.4 vs. 71.2 ± 8.9

19 vs. 21

1/149 vs. 2/152

1/149 vs. 2/152

/

9/149 vs. 12/152

36 weeks

Edelmann, F

2013 Austria

Double-blind

Spironolactone (n = 213)

Placebo (n = 209)

Aldo-DHF, LVEF ≥ 50%, > 18 years age

67 ± 8 vs. 67 ± 8

15 vs. 12

1/213 vs. 0/209

1/213 vs. 0/2091

21/213 vs. 15/209

/

12 months

Yamamoto,K

2013 Japan

Open-label

Carvedilol (n = 120)

Placebo (n = 125)

DHF, LVEF > 40%, > 20 years age

73 ± 10 vs. 71 ± 11

15 vs. 8

18/120 vs. 21/1257

8/120 vs. 7/1255

21/120 vs. 27/125

25/120 vs. 31/125

24 months

Pitt, B

2014 USA

Double-blind

Spironolactone (n = 1722)

Placebo (n = 1723)

TOPCAT, LVEF ≥ 45%, > 18 years age

68.7 (61,76.4) vs. 68.7 (60.7,75.5)

33.4 vs. 32.6

252/1722 vs. 274/1723

160/1722 vs. 176/1723

206/1722 vs. 245/1723

/

3.3 years

Solomon, SD

2019 USA

Single-blind

Sacubitril–valsartan (n = 2407)

Valsartan (n = 2389)

PARAGON-HF, LVEF ≥ 45%, > 18 years age

72.7 ± 8.3 vs. 72.5 ± 8.5

19.3 vs. 20.3

342/2407 vs. 349/2389

204/2407 vs. 212/2389

690/2407 vs. 797/2389

202/2407 vs. 221/2389

4 years

Armstrong, PW

2020 Canada

Open-label

Vericiguat 15 mg (n = 264) vs. Vericiguat 10 mg (n = 262)

Placebo (n = 262)

VITALITY-HFpEF, LVEF ≥ 45%, > 45 years age

73.1 ± 9.1 vs. 72.2 ± 9.7 vs. 72.8 ± 9.4

42.4 vs. 41.4 vs. 40.5

10/264 vs. 15/262 vs. 7/262

8/264 vs. 12/262 vs. 4/262

/

/

24 weeks

Anker SD

2021 Germany

Double-blind

Empagliflozin (n = 2997)

Placebo (n = 2991)

EMPEROR-Presersed LVEF ≥ 50%

71.8 ± 9.3 vs. 71.9 ± 9.6

 

422 vs. 427

219 vs.244

259 vs 352

362 vs 485

36 months

Solomon, SD

2022 USA

Double-blind

Dapagliflflozin (n = 3131)

Placebo (n = 3132)

DELIVER LVEF > 40%

71.8 ± 9.6 vs. 71.5 ± 9.5

26.1 vs. 23.4

497 vs 526

231 vs. 261

329 vs 418

368 vs. 455

2.95 years

  1. HF heart failure, HFpEF heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction; “/” = no data available