Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants according to the cardiovascular disease status at follow-up
Variables | Total (n = 2328) | Incident CVD (n = 289) | Non-case (n = 2039) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 59.30 ± 10.01 | 65.58 ± 7.47 | 58.41 ± 10.00 |  < 0.001 |
Diabetes duration, years | 7.73 ± 3.17 | 7.94 ± 2.84 | 7.70 ± 3.21 | 0.227 |
Gender, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.915 |
Male | 976 (41.92) | 122 (42.21) | 854 (41.88) | Â |
Female | 1352 (58.08) | 167 (57.79) | 1185 (58.12) | Â |
Ethnicity, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.072 |
Han | 1015 (43.60) | 128 (44.29) | 887 (43.50) | Â |
Hui | 324 (13.92) | 29 (10.03) | 295 (14.47) | Â |
Uyghur | 901 (38.70) | 125 (43.25) | 776 (38.06) | Â |
Others | 88 (3.78) | 7 (2.42) | 81 (3.97) | Â |
Education, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.098 |
Primary school or below | 1508 (64.78) | 203 (70.24) | 1305 (64.00) | Â |
Middle school | 548 (23.54) | 60 (20.76) | 488 (23.93) | Â |
High school or further | 272 (11.68) | 26 (9.00) | 246 (12.06) | Â |
Location, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Urban | 1045 (44.89) | 136 (47.06) | 909 (44.58) | 0.428 |
Rural | 1283 (55.11) | 153 (52.94) | 1130 (55.42) | Â |
Current smoking, n (%) | 337 (14.48) | 62 (21.45) | 275 (13.49) |  < 0.001 |
Current drinking, n (%) | 224 (9.62) | 39 (13.49) | 185 (9.07) | 0.017 |
Physical activity, n (%) | 676 (29.04) | 69 (23.88) | 607 (29.77) | 0.039 |
Antidiabetic agents, n (%) | 1196 (51.37) | 162 (56.06) | 1034 (50.71) | 0.089 |
SBP, mmHg | 133.47 ± 18.16 | 137.75 ± 20.42 | 132.86 ± 17.74 |  < 0.001 |
DBP, mmHg | 79.75 ± 10.84 | 81.43 ± 11.75 | 79.51 ± 10.69 | 0.005 |
Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.91 ± 2.28 | 5.14 ± 2.63 | 4.87 ± 2.23 | 0.059 |
HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.44 ± 0.57 | 1.32 ± 0.45 | 1.45 ± 0.59 |  < 0.001 |
LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.69 ± 1.02 | 2.80 ± 0.82 | 2.68 ± 1.04 | 0.044 |
Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.44 (1.04, 1.95) | 1.87 (1.24, 2.39) | 1.40 (1.00, 1.85) |  < 0.001 |
FBG, mmol/L | 7.28 ± 3.21 | 7.50 ± 3.25 | 7.25 ± 3.20 | 0.221 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.42 ± 3.73 | 26.86 ± 3.81 | 26.36 ± 3.71 | 0.034 |
Waist circumference, cm | 91.18 ± 10.95 | 95.76 ± 10.23 | 90.53 ± 10.90 |  < 0.001 |
VAI | 1.76 (1.14, 2.66) | 2.42 (1.64, 3.37) | 1.67 (1.08, 2.54) |  < 0.001 |
LAP | 41.15 (26.00, 65.01) | 60.20 (39.60, 89.10) | 38.72 (24.70, 60.72) |  < 0.001 |
CVAI | 121.08 ± 39.57 | 145.52 ± 33.89 | 117.61 ± 39.10 |  < 0.001 |