Table 2 Baseline characteristics of women by change in MetS status, Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Continuous variable

Age, year

45.4 (9.8)

51.7 (10.7)

52.3 (10.1)

56.4 10.9)

< 0.001

BMI, kg/m²

27.2 (3.8)

30.1 (3.9)

30.0 (4.1)

31.8 (4.7)

< 0.001

WC, cm

85.4 (10.1)

96.0 (8.3)

94.2 (9.4)

100.9 (9.6)

< 0.001

SBP, mmHg

106.6 (13.5)

121 (17.1)

115.9 (16.7)

129.5 (20.8)

< 0.001

DBP, mmHg

70.2 (8.6)

77.3 (9.5)

74.3 (9.2)

78.5 (10.5)

< 0.001

TG, mmol/L^*

1.2 (0.7)

2.0 (0.7)

1.5 (0.6)

2.2 (1.2)

< 0.001

FPG, mmol/L^*

4.7 (0.4)

5.1 (0.9)

4.9 (0.6)

5.7 (1.9)

< 0.001

HDL-C, mmol/L

1.22 (0.27)

1.07 (0.23)

1.15 (0.27)

1.03 (0.21)

< 0.001

Categorical variable

Smoking

Current smoker

69 (5.3)

11 (5.2)

12 (4.2)

37 (4.2)

0.351

Past smoker

24 (1.8)

1 (0.5)

5 (1.7)

24 (2.7)

never smoker

1209 (92.9)

198 (94.3)

271 (94.1)

823 (93.1)

Education

< 6 years

319 (24.5)

95 (45.2)

135 (46.9)

556 (62.9)

< 0.001

6–12 years

791 (60.8)

97 (46.2)

133 (46.2)

295 (33.4)

> 12 years

192 (14.7)

18 (8.6)

20 (6.9)

33 (3.7)

Marital status

Single

72 (5.5)

3 (1.4)

8 (2.8)

13 (1.5)

< 0.001

Married

1102 (84.6)

179 (85.2)

239 (83.0)

667 (75.5)

widowed/divorced

128 (9.8)

28 (13.3)

41 (14.2)

204 (23.1)

Physical activity level (low)

373 (28.6)

64 (30.5)

85 (29.5)

326 (36.9)

0.001

FH-CVD (yes)

138 (10.6)

27 (12.9)

28 (9.7)

94 (10.6)

0.722

Anti-hypertensive drug use (yes)

15 (1.2)

21 (10.0)

10 (3.5)

154 (17.4)

< 0.001

Anti-diabetic drug use (yes)

11 (0.8)

12 (5.7)

15 (5.2)

185 (20.9)

< 0.001

Lipid-lowering drug use (yes)

21 (1.6)

21 (10.0)

6 (2.1)

148 (16.7)

< 0.001