Table 4 Summary of results from the subgroup analyses of cohort studies

Region

26

1.22(1.14,1.30)

80.1

< 0.001

0.54

Asia

25

1.22 (1.13,1.30)

80.8

< 0.001

Europe

1

1.45(0.83,2.54)

—

0.19

Basic illness

26

1.22(1.14,1.30)

80.1

< 0.001

< 0.001

no

18

1.17(1.09,1.25)

83.5

< 0.001

yes

8

1.98(1.59,2.46)

0.0

< 0.001

Cerebrovascular disease

26

1.22(1.14,1.30)

80.1

< 0.001

0.004

stroke

13

1.39(1.25,1.55)

84.9

< 0.001

unclassified

8

1.03(0.86,1.22)

72.0

0.78

vascular dementia

1

1.09(1.00,1.19)

—

0.06

carotid artery disease

2

1.23(1.13,1.35)

0.0

< 0.001

intracranial arterial

disease

2

1.17(0.86,1.59)

74.0

0.31

Sex

20

1.15(1.10,1.21)

69.7

< 0.001

0.78

male

10

1.17(1.12,1.22)

32.7

< 0.001

female

10

1.15 (1.04,1.27)

81.4

0.007

Age

12

1.17(1.11,1.24)

60.2

< 0.001

0.03

< 60

5

1.29(1.15,1.43)

39.0

< 0.001

≥ 60

7

1.12(1.07,1.18)

51.6

< 0.001

BMI

9

1.15(1.09,1.21)

84.2

< 0.001

0.002

normal

3

1.19(1.15,1.24)

59.9

< 0.001

Overweight/obesity

6

1.09(1.05,1.14)

22.3

< 0.001

Central obesity

4

1.12(1.09,1.16)

78.0

< 0.001

0.12

no

2

1.15(1.11,1.19)

64.0

< 0.001

yes

2

1.10(1.06,1.14)

33.1

< 0.001

Diabetes

16

1.20(1.14,1.28)

73.3

< 0.001

0.70

no

8

1.20(1.12,1.28)

80.2

< 0.001

yes

8

1.23(1.12,1.35)

14.4

< 0.001

Smoking

6

1.15(1.11,1.20)

77.9

< 0.001

0.58

no

3

1.18(1.08,1.28)

90.8

< 0.001

yes

3

1.15(1.12,1.18)

0.0

< 0.001

Drinking

6

1.15(1.10,1.21)

75.7

< 0.001

0.64

no

3

1.16(1.09,1.25)

88.8

< 0.001

yes

3

1.14(1.06,1.22)

13.1

< 0.001

Exercise

5

1.18(1.07,1.31)

69.1

0.001

0.08

no

1

1.10(1.05,1.15)

—

< 0.001

yes

4

1.48(1.07,2.04)

75.4

0.02

Blood pressure

6

1.16(1.09,1.22)

89.7

< 0.001

0.03

normal

3

1.20(1.13,1.27)

64.1

< 0.001

hypertension

3

1.10(1.04,1.16)

63.1

< 0.001