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Table 5 Incident diagnosis of cardiovascular outcomes from the index pregnancy

From: Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective UK Biobank study

Outcomes

HR (95% CI)a

Total cardiovascular outcome

2.06 (1.72–2.47)

Coronary artery disease

3.31 (2.55–4.31)

Myocardial infarction

2.19 (1.30–3.70)

Ischemic stroke

3.30 (1.77–6.15)

Peripheral artery disease

5.13 (2.87–9.17)

Heart failure

2.43 (1.30–4.53)

Aortic stenosis

1.82 (0.45–7.40)

Mitral regurgitation

2.89 (1.29–6.49)

Atrial fibrillation/ flutter

1.94 (1.25–3.02)

Venous thromboembolism

1.24 (0.88–1.75)

  1. aadjusted for age at delivery, race, and prevalent diseases before pregnancy (hypertension, diabetes, or hypercholesterolemia) by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis