Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population according to the fatty liver index
Total | FLI (< 30) | FLI (30–59) | FLI (≥ 60) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 7777 | 4565 | 2103 | 1109 | |
Male (%) | 47.3 | 37.6 | 55.7 | 71.2 | < 0.001 |
Age (year) | 51.7 (8.8) | 51.3 (8.9) | 52.7 (8.7) | 51.4 (8.4) | < 0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.4 (3.1) | 23.0 (2.4) | 25.9 (2.4) | 27.7 (3.0) | < 0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 82.2 (8.7) | 77.5 (6.7) | 86.9 (5.8) | 92.3 (6.9) | < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 120.5 (17.9) | 117.1 (17.6) | 124.2 (17.1) | 127.5 (17.4) | < 0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 79.9 (11.3) | 77.3 (10.9) | 82.7 (10.7) | 85.5 (10.9) | < 0.001 |
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 93.5 (12.9) | 90.6 (12.6) | 96.5 (12.2) | 99.5 (12.3) | < 0.001 |
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 82.7 (8.5) | 81.3 (7.9) | 83.9 (8.7) | 86.1 (9.3) | < 0.001 |
Insulin ((μU/mL) | 6.9 (5.1–9.5) | 6.4 (4.9–8.5) | 7.6 (5.5–0.1) | 8.6 (6.1–11.3) | < 0.001 |
HOMA-IR | 1.40 (1.03–1.93) | 1.29 (0.97–1.72) | 1.55 (1.12–2.10) | 1.84 (1.25–2.48) | < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 189.6 (34.1) | 183.8 (32.2) | 194.8 (33.6) | 203.6 (36.9) | < 0.001 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 131 (98–183) | 108 (86–137) | 164 (129–211) | 235 (179–315) | < 0.001 |
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 4.4 (10.0) | 47.1 (10.1) | 42.5 (9.2) | 40.7 (8.8) | < 0.001 |
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | 26 (23–31) | 25 (22–29) | 27 (24–32) | 32 (26–39) | < 0.001 |
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | 22 (17–30) | 19 (16–25) | 26 (20–33) | 36 (27–50) | < 0.001 |
γ-glutamyltransferase (U/L) | 18 (12–33) | 13 (10–19) | 26 (16–42) | 54 (31–92) | < 0.001 |
Current smoking (%) | 25.1 | 20.4 | 28.4 | 37.8 | < 0.001 |
Alcohol drinking (%)a | 48.0 | 41.9 | 51.9 | 65.7 | < 0.001 |
Regular exercise (%)b | 25.3 | 25.8 | 34.8 | 23.8 | 0.276 |
Family history of diabetes (%) | 10.2 | 10.3 | 9.5 | 10.6 | 0.528 |