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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of second-line antihyperglycemic drugs

From: Effects of second-line antihyperglycemic drugs on the risk of chronic kidney disease: applying a target trial approach to a hospital-based cohort of Thai patients with type 2 diabetes

Characteristics

SU

TZD

DPP4i

SGLT2i

P-value

Number of patients, n (%)

17,387 (70.2)

3,042 (12.3)

4,032 (16.3)

316 (1.3)

 

Age, year, mean (SD)

61.2 (11.9)

59.7 (11.7)

64.1 (11.9)

59.1 (12.6)

 < 0.001

Sex, n (%)

     

Female

10,053 (57.8)

1,752 (57.6)

2,408 (59.7)

169 (53.5)

0.046

Male

7,334 (42.2)

1,290 (42.4)

1,624 (40.3)

147 (46.5)

 

BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD)

27.2 (4.5)

28.5 (5.2)

27.3 (4.7)

30.2 (5.9)

 < 0.001

FPG, mg/dL, mean (SD)

180.0 (77.1)

165.1 (69.6)

170.2 (73.2)

154.5 (48.6)

 < 0.001

HbA1c, %, mean (SD)

8.2 (1.8)

8.0 (1.7)

8.0 (1.7)

7.7 (1.5)

 < 0.001

eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2, mean (SD)

75.8 (24.6)

78.4 (25.0)

76.7 (23.8)

87.0 (20.5)

 < 0.001

ACR, mg/g, median (IQR)

18.4 (7.0, 71.0)

12.7 (6.0, 42.1)

12.7 (5.8, 39.5)

9.8 (4.8, 40.9)

 < 0.001

HT, n (%)

     

Yes

13,958 (80.3)

2,444 (80.3)

3,428 (85.0)

269 (85.1)

 < 0.001

No

3,429 (19.7)

598 (19.7)

604 (15.0)

47 (14.9)

 

ACEi/ARB, n (%)

     

Yes

8,408 (48.4)

1,528 (50.2)

1,988 (49.3)

167 (52.8)

0.096

No

8,979 (51.6)

1,514 (49.8)

2,044 (50.7)

149 (47.2)

 

CVD, n (%)

     

Yes

1,319 (7.6)

149 (4.9)

567 (14.1)

87 (27.5)

 < 0.001

No

16,068 (92.4)

2,893 (95.1)

3,465 (85.9)

229 (72.5)

 

PAD, n (%)

     

Yes

190 (1.1)

41 (1.3)

68 (1.7)

5 (1.6)

0.016

No

17,197 (98.9)

3,001 (98.7)

3,964 (98.3)

311 (98.4)

 

DR, n (%)

     

Yes

476 (2.7)

108 (3.6)

119 (3.0)

9 (2.8)

0.100

No

16,911 (97.3)

2,934 (96.4)

3,913 (97.0)

307 (97.2)

 

DLP, n (%)

     

Yes

11,738 (67.5)

1,919 (63.1)

2,305 (57.2)

162 (51.3)

 < 0.001

No

5,649 (32.5)

1,123 (36.9)

1,727 (42.8)

154 (48.7)

 

Statin, n (%)

     

Yes

12,049 (69.3)

2,270 (74.6)

3,023 (75.0)

245 (77.5)

 < 0.001

No

5,338 (30.7)

772 (25.4)

1,009 (25.0)

71 (22.5)

 

LDL-C, mg/dL, mean (SD)

117.8 (36.0)

115.2 (34.5)

111.6 (37.0)

107.6 (37.9)

 < 0.001

Triglycerides, mg/dL, median (IQR)

147.1 (118.0, 189.0)

138.9 (111.0, 177.0)

142.0 (109.9, 186.1)

140.0 (108.0, 188.8)

 < 0.001

HDL-C, mg/dL, mean (SD)

45.8 (10.7)

46.7 (10.9)

45.8 (11.3)

44.0 (10.2)

 < 0.001

Duration of first-line treatment, month, median (IQR)

4.59 (0.03, 46.82)

19.31 (0.03, 57.74)

7.02 (0.03, 48.16)

13.72 (0.03, 54.36)

 < 0.001

  1. ACEi: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ACR: Albumin-to-creatinine ratio; ARB: Angiotensin receptor blockers; BMI: Body mass index; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; DLP: Dyslipidemia; DPP4i: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors; DR: Diabetic retinopathy; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; HT: Hypertension; IQR: Interquartile range; LDL-C: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; PAD: Peripheral artery disease; SD: Standard deviation; SGLT2i: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors; SU: Sulfonylureas; TZD: Thiazolidinediones