Table 1 Demographic and biochemical characteristics and atherosclerosis-related parameters of the subjects included in the study
Variables | Non-T1D | T1D | p-value | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical data | N = 147 | N = 226 | ||
Age | 43.8 (10.9) | 44.6 (10.8) | 0.514 | 373 |
Sex (women) | 84 (57.1%) | 120 (53.1%) | 0.509 | 373 |
Diabetes duration (years) | 21.4 (10.7) | 226 | ||
Ethnicity (Caucasian) | 145 (98.6%) | 224 (99.1%) | 0.648 | 373 |
Tobacco exposure | 0.773 | 371 | ||
Former smoker | 37 (25.5%) | 53 (23.5%) | ||
Smoker | 41 (28.3%) | 60 (26.5%) | ||
Hypertension | 9 (6.1%) | 55 (24.3%) | < 0.001 | 373 |
Dyslipidemia | 15 (10.2%) | 86 (38.1%) | < 0.001 | 373 |
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 121 (14.2) | 127 (18.1) | < 0.001 | 366 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 74.4 (9.6) | 74.7 (10.0) | 0.771 | 366 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.0 (4.0) | 25.8 (4.0) | 0.071 | 373 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 88.6 (12.0) | 89.0 (12.3) | 0.796 | 357 |
Diabetic Retinopathy | < 0.001 | 373 | ||
Healthy | 147 (100%) | 0 (0%) | ||
Diabetic Retinopathy | 89 (39.4%) | |||
No Diabetic Retinopathy | 137 (60.6%) | |||
Biochemistry | ||||
HbA1c (%) | 5.34 (0.31) | 7.64 (1.01) | < 0.001 | 372 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 95.8 (56.8) | 75.7 (37.5) | < 0.001 | 373 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 195 (37) | 183 (32) | < 0.001 | 373 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 116 (32) | 103 (27) | < 0.001 | 371 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 61.8 (18.9) | 64.2 (16.1) | 0.200 | 372 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.78 (0.15) | 0.77 (0.15) | 0.589 | 373 |
ACR (mg/g) | 6.00 (9.63) | 8.24 (15.2) | 0.083 | 373 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 104 (14) | 103 (13) | 0.908 | 373 |
Microalbuminuria | 8 (5.52%) | 12 (5.80%) | 1.000 | 352 |
Atherosclerosis imaging | ||||
Atherosclerotic Plaque | 0.902 | |||
One plaque | 16 (11%) | 28 (12%) | ||
Multiple plaques | 16 (11%) | 25 (11%) |