Skip to main content

Table 1 Clinical, echocardiographic and angiographic features in the overall population and according to the presence or absence of DMC

From: Microvascular complications identify a specific coronary atherosclerotic phenotype in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Characteristics

Overall population (n = 320)

Patients with DMC (n = 172)

Patients without DMC (n = 148)

p value

Clinical characteristics

 Age [mean ± standard deviation]

70.3 ± 8.8

70.7 ± 9.3

69.8 ± 8.1

0.346

 Male sex [n, (%)]

234 (73.1)

122 (70.9)

112 (75.7)

0.340

 Hypertension [n, (%)]

274 (85.6)

150 (87.2)

124 (83.8)

0.384

 Smoking habit [n, (%)]

143 (44.7)

74 (43.0)

69 (46.6)

0.519

 Dyslipidaemia [n, (%)]

183 (57.2)

88 (51.2)

95 (64.2)

0.019

 Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) [n, (%)]

78 (24.4)

31 (18.0)

47 (31.8)

0.004

 Familiar history of CAD [n, (%)]

87 (27.2)

39 (22.7)

48 (32.4)

0.050

 CKD (eGFR < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) [n, (%)]

50 (15.6)

30 (17.4)

20 (13.5)

0.335

 Clinical presentation [n, (%)]

0.855

  ACS [n, (%)]

128 (40.0)

68 (39.5)

60 (40.5)

 

  CCS [n, (%)]

192 (60.0)

104 (60.5)

88 (59.5)

 

 Diabetes duration (months since T2DM diagnosis) [median (IQR)]

96 [72; 120]

96 [72; 132]

84 [60; 117]

0.011

Diabetic complications

 Carotid arterial disease [n, (%)]

147 (45.9)

77 (44.8)

70 (47.3)

0.651

 Peripheral arterial disease [n, (%)]

56 (17.5)

37 (21.5)

19 (12.8)

0.042

 Previous stroke/TIA [n, (%)]

27 (8.4)

14 (8.1)

13 (8.8)

0.836

 Diabetic retinopathy [n, (%)]

108 (33.8)

108 (62.8)

–

–

 Diabetic neuropathy [n, (%)]

98 (30.6)

98 (57.0)

–

–

 Diabetic nephropathy [n, (%)]

118 (36.9)

118 (68.6)

–

–

Laboratory data

 Fasting glycaemia (mg/dL) [median (IQR)]

131 [106; 161]

136 [109; 173]

126.0 [101.25; 149.75]

0.019

 HbA1c (mmol/mol) [median (IQR)]

47 [43; 53]

48.5 [44.0; 56.75]

46.0 [41.25; 51.0]

< 0.001

 Total cholesterol (mg/dL) [median (IQR)]

150.0 [123.25; 178]

149.50 [118.00; 175.25]

151.50 [125.25; 179.75]

0.411

 LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) [median (IQR)]

74.5 [60.0; 92.0]

69.0 [57.0; 89.0]

79.0 [65.0; 96.75]

0.001

 Hb (g/dL) [median (IQR)]

12.4 [11.7; 13.7]

12.4 [11.4; 13.4]

12.4 [11.7; 13.9]

0.532

 WBC (× 103/L) [median (IQR)]

7.7 [7.0; 9.1]

7.7 [6.9; 8.9]

7.8 [7.1; 9.1]

0.343

 PLT (× 103/L) [median (IQR)]

234.0 [196.2; 269.7]

233.0 [197.5; 272.0]

238.0 [189.0; 270.0]

0.966

 Serum creatinine on admission (mg/dL) [median (IQR)]

0.92 [0.81; 1.13]

0.97 [0.81; 1.26]

0.91 [0.79; 1.01]

0.006

 Troponin T peak (ng/mL) [median (IQR)]

0.07 [0.01; 1.36]

0.10 [0.01; 1.28]

0.06 [0.01; 2.02]

0.541

Echocardiographic data

 LVEF on admission (%) [median (IQR)]

58 [53; 61]

57 [52; 61]

58 [53; 61]

0.620

 LVEF on admission < 50% [n, (%)]

64 (20)

38 (22.1)

26 (17.6)

0.313

 Diastolic dysfunction [n, (%)]

228 (71.3)

133 (77.3)

95 (64.2)

0.010

 Grade II or III diastolic dysfunction [n, (%)]

73 (22.8)

49 (28.5)

24 (16.2)

0.009

 E/e′ [median (IQR)]

8 [7; 9]

8 [7; 10]

7.5 [7.0; 8.0]

< 0.001

Therapy at admission

 Insulin [n, (%)]

123 (38.4)

89 (51.7)

34 (23.0)

< 0.001

 Metformin [n, (%)]

195 (60.9)

90 (52.3)

105 (70.9)

0.001

 Sulfonylureas [n, (%)]

59 (18.4)

31 (18.0)

28 (18.9)

0.837

 GLP1/DPP4-I [n, (%)]

54 (16.9)

28 (16.3)

26 (17.6)

0.759

 SGLT-2-inhibitors [n, (%)]

14 (4.4)

7 (4.1)

7 (4.7)

0.774

 Aspirin [n, (%)]

181 (56.6)

97 (56.4)

84 (56.8)

0.948

 Beta-blockers [n, (%)]

141 (44.1)

76 (44.2)

65 (43.9)

0.962

 CCBs [n, (%)]

65 (20.3)

38 (22.1)

27 (18.2)

0.393

 ACE-i/ARBs [n, (%)]

188 (58.8)

106 (61.6)

82 (55.4)

0.260

 Statin [n, (%)]

187 (58.4)

102 (59.3)

85 (57.4)

0.735

 Diuretics [n, (%)]

53 (16.6)

31 (18.0)

22 (14.9)

0.449

Therapy at dismission

 Insulin [n, (%)]

133 (41.6)

96 (55.8)

37 (25.0)

< 0.001

 Metformin [n, (%)]

208 (65.0)

98 (57.0)

110 (74.3)

0.001

 Sulfonylureas [n, (%)]

53 (16.6)

28 (16.3)

25 (16.9)

0.883

 GLP1/DPP4-I [n, (%)]

51 (15.9)

26 (15.1)

25 (16.9)

0.665

 SGLT-2-inhibitors [n, (%)]

13 (4.1)

5 (2.9)

8 (5.4)

0.259

 Aspirin [n, (%)]

313 (97.8)

169 (98.3)

144 (97.3)

0.559

 Beta-blockers [n, (%)]

314 (98.1)

169 (98.3)

145 (98.0)

0.852

 CCBs [n, (%)]

69 (21.6)

40 (23.3)

29 (19.6)

0.427

 ACE-i/ARBs [n, (%)]

290 (90.6)

156 (90.7)

134 (90.5)

0.962

 Statin [n, (%)]

309 (96.6)

167 (97.1)

142 (95.9)

0.574

 Diuretics [n, (%)]

56 (17.5)

33 (19.2)

23 (15.5)

0.392

Angiographic data

 Multivessel CAD [n, (%)]

177 (55.3)

109 (63.4)

68 (45.9)

0.002

  1. Bold values are reported for variables that are statistically significant (p < 0.05)
  2. DMC diabetic microvascular complications, BMI body mass index, CAD coronary artery disease, CKD chronic kidney disease, GFR glomerular filtration rate, ACS acute coronary syndromes, CCS chronic coronary syndromes, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, TIA transient ischemic attack, IQR interquartile range, HbA1c glycated haemoglobin, LDL low-density lipoprotein, Hb haemoglobin, WBC white blood count, PLT platelets, LVEF left ventricle ejection fraction, GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide-1, DPP4-I dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 sodium–glucose co-transpoter-2, CCBs calcium-channels blockers, ACEi angiotensin converting enzymes inhibitors, ARBs angiotensin receptor blockers
Back to article page

Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840