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Table 2 1-year changes of lipoprotein particle parameters by tertiles of 1-year energy-adjusted nut consumption in a subcohort of the PREDIMED-Reus trial

From: Nut consumption is associated with a shift of the NMR lipoprotein subfraction profile to a less atherogenic pattern among older individuals at high CVD risk

Variables

Tertile 1

(n = 65)

Tertile 3

(n = 65)

ANCOVA

P-value

Tertile 1

(n = 65)

Tertile 3

(n = 65)

ANCOVA

P-value

Tertile 1

(n = 65)

Tertile 3

(n = 65)

ANCOVA

P-value

 

Total nuts

Walnuts

Non-walnut nuts

Food, g/d

− 21.90 (− 24.01, − 19.79)

26.41 (23.88, 28.94)

 

− 11.85 (− 12.96,− 10.74)

14.21 (12.93, 15.49)

 

− 12.37 (− 14.00,− 10.74)

14.73 (13.45, 16.01)

 

Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (VLDL) particle concentrations

 Total

− 0.01 (− 0.22, 0.20)

− 0.02 (− 0.21, 0.17)

0.938

− 0.07 (− 0.28, 0.14)

0.04 (− 0.14, 0.22)

0.735

− 0.01 (− 0.23, 0.21)

0.00 (− 0.19, 0.19)

0.974

 Very large

− 0.24 (− 0.46, − 0.02)

0.07 (− 0.19, 0.33)

0.057

− 0.01 (− 0.24, 0.22)

0.04 (− 0.20, 0.28)

0.790

− 0.24 (− 0.47, − 0.01)

0.05 (− 0.21, 0.31)

0.079

 Large

0.00 (− 0.21, 0.21)

0.00 (− 0.20, 0.20)

0.983

− 0.01 (− 0.20, 0.18)

0.04 (− 0.17, 0.25)

0.842

− 0.02 (− 0.23, 0.19)

0.05 (− 0.16, 0.26)

0.636

 Medium

0.10 (− 0.11, 0.31)

− 0.08 (− 0.28, 0.12)

0.235

0.06 (− 0.14, 0.26)

0.00 (− 0.21, 0.21)

0.805

0.08 (− 0.13, 0.29)

0.03 (− 0.18, 0.24)

0.719

 Small

− 0.06 (− 0.29, 0.17)

− 0.08 (− 0.30, 0.14)

0.925

− 0.06 (− 0.28, 0.16)

− 0.08 (− 0.30, 0.14)

0.338

− 0.05 (− 0.28, 0.18)

− 0.16 (− 0.38, 0.06)

0.461

 Very small

0.04 (− 0.21, 0.29)

0.05 (− 0.18, 0.28)

0.963

− 0.01 (− 0.25, 0.23)

0.10 (− 0.14, 0.34)

0.514

− 0.01 (− 0.26, 0.24)

0.07 (− 0.16, 0.30)

0.626

LDL particle concentrations

 Total

0.00 (− 0.15, 0.15)

0.00 (− 0.19, 0.19)

0.998

0.03 (− 0.12, 0.18)

0.01 (− 0.18, 0.20)

0.798

0.01 (− 0.13, 0.15)

− 0.09 (− 0.28, 0.10)

0.472

 Large

− 0.10 (− 0.24, 0.04)

0.05 (− 0.10, 0.20)

0.253

− 0.13 (− 0.29, 0.03)

0.00 (− 0.15, 0.15)

0.143

0.02 (− 0.13, 0.17)

− 0.07 (− 0.24, 0.10)

0.490

 Medium

0.09 (− 0.18, 0.36)

− 0.04 (− 0.28, 0.20)

0.427

0.05 (− 0.23, 0.33)

− 0.04 (− 0.26, 0.18)

0.800

− 0.03 (− 0.31, 0.25)

− 0.02 (− 0.27, 0.23)

0.957

 Small

0.01 (− 0.19, 0.21)

0.02 (− 0.15, 0.19)

0.939

0.04 (− 0.15, 0.23)

0.06 (− 0.12, 0.24)

0.507

0.01 (− 0.20, 0.22)

− 0.02 (− 0.19, 0.15)

0.838

HDL particle concentrations

 Total

− 0.07 (− 0.23, 0.09)

0.12 (− 0.04, 0.28)

0.139

− 0.09 (− 0.24, 0.06)

0.06 (− 0.10, 0.22)

0.406

− 0.15 (− 0.32, 0.02)

0.07 (− 0.09, 0.23)

0.079

 Large

0.07 (− 0.07, 0.21)

0.01 (− 0.09, 0.11)

0.517

0.05 (− 0.08, 0.18)

0.00 (− 0.10, 0.10)

0.729

0.10 (− 0.05, 0.25)

− 0.01 (− 0.11, 0.09)

0.302

 Medium

− 0.08 (− 0.23, 0.07)

0.00 (− 0.17, 0.17)

0.529

− 0.18 (− 0.35, − 0.01)

0.00 (− 0.17, 0.17)

0.038

− 0.10 (− 0.26, 0.06)

− 0.04 (− 0.22, 0.14)

0.642

 Small

− 0.05 (− 0.22, 0.12)

0.09 (− 0.06, 0.24)

0.243

− 0.05 (− 0.20, 0.10)

0.06 (− 0.09, 0.21)

0.666

− 0.09 (− 0.27, 0.09)

0.09 (− 0.07, 0.25)

0.138

 H7P

0.02 (− 0.16, 0.20)

0.18 (0.00, 0.36)

0.270

− 0.26 (− 0.45, − 0.07)

0.18 (0.00, 0.36)

0.005

0.01 (− 0.18, 0.20)

0.19 (0.00, 0.38)

0.214

 H6P

− 0.04 (− 0.24, 0.16)

− 0.04 (− 0.24, 0.16)

0.997

0.03 (− 0.17, 0.23)

− 0.06 (− 0.26, 0.14)

0.838

− 0.02 (− 0.23, 0.19)

− 0.13 (− 0.33, 0.07)

0.465

 H5P

0.09 (− 0.12, 0.30)

0.06 (− 0.12, 0.24)

0.838

0.11 (− 0.09, 0.31)

0.11 (− 0.07, 0.29)

0.072

0.15 (− 0.07, 0.37)

0.11 (− 0.09, 0.31)

0.793

 H4P

− 0.03 (− 0.25, 0.19)

− 0.05 (− 0.24, 0.14)

0.853

− 0.19 (− 0.41, 0.03)

− 0.07 (− 0.27, 0.13)

0.045

− 0.06 (− 0.28, 0.16)

− 0.10 (− 0.29, 0.09)

0.796

 H3P

− 0.10 (− 0.31, 0.11)

0.08 (− 0.11, 0.27)

0.209

− 0.13 (− 0.32, 0.06)

0.12 (− 0.06, 0.30)

0.240

− 0.13 (− 0.35, 0.09)

0.06 (− 0.13, 0.25)

0.214

 H2P

− 0.09 (− 0.26, 0.08)

− 0.01 (− 0.18, 0.16)

0.592

− 0.09 (− 0.25, 0.07)

0.01 (− 0.16, 0.18)

0.599

− 0.12 (− 0.30, 0.06)

0.01 (− 0.16, 0.18)

0.332

 H1P

− 0.01 (− 0.17, 0.15)

0.14 (− 0.02, 0.30)

0.249

0.02 (− 0.14, 0.18)

0.06 (− 0.10, 0.22)

0.626

− 0.01 (− 0.17, 0.15)

0.13 (− 0.03, 0.29)

0.255

Mean lipoprotein sizes: particle size

 VLDL

− 0.05 (− 0.27, 0.17)

0.06 (− 0.11, 0.23)

0.427

0.01 (− 0.18, 0.20)

0.04 (− 0.15, 0.23)

0.947

− 0.07 (− 0.30, 0.16)

0.08 (− 0.10, 0.26)

0.308

 LDL

− 0.08 (− 0.24, 0.08)

0.03 (− 0.12, 0.18)

0.373

− 0.14 (− 0.30, 0.02)

0.06 (− 0.10, 0.22)

0.125

0.00 (-0.16, 0.16)

-0.04 (-0.19, 0.11)

0.747

 HDL

0.01 (-0.10, 0.12)

0.03 (-0.06, 0.12)

0.879

-0.05 (-0.17, 0.07)

0.01 (-0.09, 0.11)

0.585

0.05 (-0.07, 0.17)

0.00 (-0.11, 0.11)

0.574

Derived triglyceride and cholesterol (concentrations)

 TG

− 0.02 (− 0.21, 0.17)

0.01 (− 0.16, 0.18)

0.796

0.01 (− 0.16, 0.18)

0.04 (− 0.13, 0.21)

0.829

− 0.02 (− 0.21, 0.17)

0.03 (− 0.14, 0.20)

0.687

 TC

− 0.04 (− 0.21, 0.13)

0.04 (− 0.15, 0.23)

0.597

− 0.06 (− 0.23, 0.11)

0.04 (− 0.16, 0.24)

0.780

− 0.01 (− 0.18, 0.16)

− 0.07 (− 0.26, 0.12)

0.681

 TRL (VLDL)-TG

− 0.02 (− 0.21, 0.17)

0.01 (− 0.16, 0.18)

0.868

0.01 (− 0.17, 0.19)

0.05 (− 0.11, 0.21)

0.776

− 0.02 (− 0.21, 0.17)

0.05 (− 0.12, 0.22)

0.591

 TRL (VLDL)-C

− 0.02 (− 0.21, 0.17)

0.01 (− 0.17, 0.19)

0.872

− 0.06 (− 0.24, 0.12)

0.06 (− 0.11, 0.23)

0.647

− 0.02 (− 0.21, 0.17)

0.03 (− 0.15, 0.21)

0.738

 LDL-C

− 0.04 (− 0.20, 0.12)

0.00 (− 0.19, 0.19)

0.752

− 0.01 (− 0.17, 0.15)

0.02 (− 0.17, 0.21)

0.961

0.00 (− 0.14, 0.14)

− 0.11 (− 0.30, 0.08)

0.411

 HDL-C

0.00 (− 0.11, 0.11)

0.05 (− 0.06, 0.16)

0.594

− 0.10 (− 0.22, 0.02)

0.03 (− 0.07, 0.13)

0.221

0.00 (− 0.11, 0.11)

0.00 (− 0.11, 0.11)

0.942

  1. Lipid data are means (95% CI) of normalized values scaled in multiples of 1 SD with Blom’s rank-based inverse normal transformation data. Nuts groups were adjusted by energy intake
  2. P-values were obtained by ANCOVA adjusted by age, gender, body mass index (kg/m2), smoking status (ever smoker/never smoker), physical activity (met/day), diabetes (yes/no), dyslipidemia (yes/no), hypertension (yes/no), statin treatment (yes/no), baseline normalized lipidomic values and baseline nut consumption
  3. LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein, TRL-P Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Particle, TG triglyceride, TC total cholesterol, TRL Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein, VLDL very low-density lipoprotein
  4. aP-value < 0.05 for comparison between T1 and T3 after the Tukey test