Table 1 Demographics of long COVID patients and controls
Demographics | |
|---|---|
Median age of healthy individuals (n = 29) | 52 [41–57] |
Median age of long COVID (high responders) (n = 66) | 51 [40–60] |
Median age of long COVID (low responders) (n = 24) | 45 [31–58] |
Serum Ferritin (µg L−1) | |
|---|---|
P-value (Mann–Whitney U test; unpaired non-parametric data expressed as median [Q1–Q3] of high responders) | 0.80 |
Median of healthy individuals (n = 29) | 120 [40–230] |
Median of long COVID (63 of 66) high-responder patients | 107 [61.0–179.5] |
Median of long COVID of the low responder patients (24 of 24) patients. [p-Value = 0.36] | 74 [33.5–153.5] |
Interleukin-6 (pg ml−1) | |
|---|---|
P-value (Mann–Whitney U test; unpaired non-parametric data expressed as median [Q1 – Q3] of high responders) | 0.04 |
Median of healthy individuals (28 of 29 samples) | 1.9 [1.1–2.5] |
Median of long COVID (63 of 66) high-responder patients | 2.3 [1.5–3.5] |
Mean of long COVID of the low responder patients (24 of 24 patients) [p-Value = 0.65] | 1.9 [± 0.6] |
Hospitalization (percentage / %) | |
|---|---|
Yes | 21 |
No | 72 |
Unknown | 7 |
WHO severity (percentage / %) | |
Mild | 71 |
Moderate | 5 |
Severe | 17 |
Unknown | 7 |
Co-morbidities of long COVID patients (N = 99) versus our healthy controls (N = 29) | ||
|---|---|---|
Co-morbidity | % in 99 long Covid patients | % in 29 control patients |
Hypertension | 24 | 24 |
Hyperlipidaemia | 19 | 24 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 6 | 0 |
Rosacea | 4 | 3 |
Thrombosis (previous blood clots) | 3 | 0 |
Cardiovascular disease | 3 | 3 |
Psoriasis | 2 | 3 |
Rheumatoid arthritis | 2 | 0 |
Previous stroke | 1 | 3 |
Previous myocardial infarction | 1 | 0 |
Lingering symptoms in long COVID patients (N = 99) Duration of symptoms from diagnosis to taking of blood samples (days:) 221 ± 99 | |
|---|---|
Lingering symptoms | % in 99 long Covid patients |
Constant fatigue | 74 |
Cognitive impairment (“brain fog” / forgetfulness / poor concentration) | 71 |
Dyspnoea | 59 |
Arthralgia / myalgia | 49 |
Sleep disturbance | 34 |
Depression / anxiety | 30 |
Heart rate dysfunction / palpitations | 30 |
Recurring chest pain | 29 |
Anosmia (loss of smell) | 25 |
Dysgeusia (loss of taste) | 25 |
Low oxygen levels | 13 |