No. | Author, year | Ethnicity | Derivation sample | Overall risk of bias†| ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glycemic categories | Diabetes cases/sample size | Follow-up duration (years) | ||||
All-Asian derived models | ||||||
1 | Aekplakorn, 2006 [22] | Asian (Thai) | Non-diabetes* | 361/2677 | 12 | High |
2 | Chien, 2009 [23] | Asian (Chinese) | Non-diabetes* | 548/2960 | 10 | High |
3 | Gao, 2009 [24] | Asian (Indian) | Non-diabetes* | 511/3094 | 11 | High |
4 | Sun, 2009 [25] | Asian (Chinese) | Non-diabetes* | 902/20,551 | 3.2 | High |
5 | Chuang, 2011 [26] | Asian (Chinese) | Non-diabetes* | 1261/19,919 | 5.6 | High |
6 | Liu, 2011 [27] | Asian (Chinese) | Non-diabetes* | 304/1457 | 10 | High |
7 | Doi, 2012 [28] | Asian (Japanese) | Non-diabetes* | 286/1935 | 14 | High |
8 | Heianza, 2012 [29] | Asian (Japanese) | Non-diabetes* | 289/7654 | 5 | High |
9 | Lim, 2012 [30] | Asian (Korean) | Non-diabetes* | 436/6342 | 4 | High |
10 | Xu, 2014 [31] | Asian (Chinese) | Non-diabetes* | 836/16,043 | 5.2 | High |
11 | Ye, 2014 [32] | Asian (Chinese) | Non-diabetes* | 924/1912 | 6 | High |
12 | Nanri, 2015 [33] | Asian (Japanese) | Non-diabetes* | 1122/24,950 | 3 | High |
13 | Liu, 2016 [34] | Asian (Chinese) | Non-diabetes* | 215/1857 | 10.9 | High |
14 | Wang, 2016 [35] | Asian (Chinese) | Non-diabetes* | 4726/49,325 | 5.4 | High |
15 | Zhang, 2016 [36] | Asian (Chinese) | Non-diabetes* | 729/12,849 | 6 | High |
16 | Miyakoshi, 2016 [37] | Asian (Japanese) | Non-diabetes* | 138/2080 | 4.9 | High |
17 | Chen, 2017 [38] | Asian (Chinese) | Non-diabetes* | 387/28,251 | 4.2 | High |
18 | Wen, 2017 [39] | Asian (Chinese) | Non-diabetes* | 218/4132 | 6 | High |
19 | Yokota, 2017 [40] | Asian (Japanese) | IH | 252/2105 | 4.7 | Unclear |
20 | Zhang, 2017 [41] | Asian (Chinese) | Non-diabetes* | 702/15,758 | 6 | High |
21 | Ha, 2018 [42] | Asian (Korean) | Non-diabetes* | 37,678/359,349 | 10.8 | High |
22 | Han, 2018 [43] | Asian (Chinese) | Non-diabetes* | 1390/17,690 | 4 | High |
23 | Hu, 2018 [44] | Asian (Japanese) | Non-diabetes* | 2216/30,500 | 7 | High |
Asian derived models | ||||||
24 | Ustulin, 2018 [45] | Asian (Korean) | IH | 801/1162 | 4.0 | High |
25 | Yastuya, 2018 [46] | Asian (Japanese) | Non-diabetes* | 342/3540 | 12.2 | High |
26 | Wang, 2019 [47] | Asian (Chinese) | Non-diabetes* | 595/5557 | 3 | High |
27 | Cai, 2020 [48] | Asian (Chinese) | Non-diabetes* | 81/1273 | 3 | High |
28 | Hu, 2020 [49] | Asian (Chinese) | Normoglycemia | 171/4833 | 4.6 | High |
29 | Lin, 2020 [50] | Asian (Chinese) | Non-diabetes* | 466/21,844 | 3.1 | High |
30 | Liu, 2020-1 [51] | Asian (Chinese) | Non-diabetes* | 2623/43,404 | 6.83 | Low |
31 | Liu, 2020-2 [52] | Asian (Chinese) | Non-diabetes* | 2151/58,056 | 2.98 | High |
32 | Ma, 2020 [53] | Asian (Chinese) | Non-diabetes* | 256/10,807 | 6.0 | High |
33 | Shao, 2020 [54] | Asian (Chinese) | Non-diabetes* | 257/4498 | 10 | High |
34 | Wang, 2020 [55] | Asian (Japanese) | Normoglycemia | 275/8296 | 7.75 | High |
35 | Wu, 2020 [56] | Asian (Chinese) | Non-diabetes* | 155/16,219 | 2.66 | Unclear |
36 | Cai, 2021-1 [57] | Asian (Japanese) | Normoglycemia | 157/2058 | 5.1 | High |
37 | Cai, 2021-2 [58] | Asian (Japanese) | Normoglycemia | 154/9651 | 5.4 | High |
38 | Li, 2021 [59] | Asian (Chinese) | Non-diabetes* | 74/687 | 15 | High |
39 | Liang, 2021 [60] | Asian (Chinese) | IH | 145/1857 | 3 | High |
40 | Wu, 2021 [61] | Asian (Chinese) | Non-diabetes* | 145/7940 | 3 | High |
41 | Xu, 2021 [62] | Asian (Chinese) | IGT | 493/3105 | 5 | High |
Part-Asian derived models | ||||||
42 | Chen, 2009 [63] | Caucasian, Asian, others | Non-diabetes* | 362/6060 | 5 | High |
43 | Bethel, 2013 [20] | Black, Caucasian, Asian, others | IGT | 3254/9306 | 5 | Low |
44 | Hippisley-Cox, 2018 [64] | Caucasian, Chinese, Asian, others | Non-diabetes* | 178,314/8,186,705 | 3.9 | Low |
Non-Asian derived models | ||||||
45 | Stern, 2002 [8] | Mexican Americans, non-Hispanic whites | Non-diabetes* | 269/2903 | 7.5 | High |
46 | Lindstrom, 2003 [9] | Caucasian | Non-diabetes* | 182/4435 | 10 | High |
47 | Schmidt, 2005 [10] | Caucasian, African Americans | Non-diabetes* | 1292/7915 | 9 | High |
48 | Wilson, 2007 [11] | Caucasian | Non-diabetes* | 160/3140 | 7 | Unclear |
49 | Tuomilehto, 2010 [12] | Caucasian | IGT | 398/1160 | 2.5 | High |