Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study cohort

Age, years

49 ± 5

50 ± 6

49 ± 5

49 ± 5

48 ± 5

0.001

Male, n (%)

4771 (82.6)

956 (66.2)

1198 (83.0)

1292 (89.5)

1325 (91.8)

< 0.001

Systolic BP, mmHg

117 ± 14

115 ± 14

117 ± 14

118 ± 14

120 ± 14

< 0.001

Diastolic BP, mmHg

74 ± 11

72 ± 11

74 ± 11

75 ± 10

77 ± 10

< 0.001

BMI, kg/m2

24.4 ± 2.6

23.2 ± 2.6

24.1 ± 2.4

24.7 ± 2.5

25.5 ± 2.5

< 0.001

Current smoking, n (%)

2275 (39.4)

515 (35.6)

577 (40.0)

570 (39.5)

613 (42.5)

< 0.001

Total cholesterol, mg/dL

198 ± 29

188 ± 28

194 ± 28

200 ± 29

208 ± 29

< 0.001

Triglyceride, mg/dL

136 ± 79

66 ± 13

99 ± 13

139 ± 20

240 ± 82

< 0.001

HDL-C, mg/dL

54 ± 12

61 ± 13

55 ± 11

51 ± 11

46 ± 10

< 0.001

LDL-C, mg/dL

123 ± 26

114 ± 24

124 ± 25

128 ± 26

128 ± 26

< 0.001

Glucose, mg/dL

93 ± 12

87 ± 9

92 ± 10

94 ± 10

99 ± 16

< 0.001

HbA1C, %

5.5 ± 0.4

5.4 ± 0.3

5.4 ± 0.4

5.5 ± 0.4

5.6 ± 0.5

< 0.001

Creatinine, mg/dL

0.95 ± 0.16

0.91 ± 0.18

0.95 ± 0.16

0.97 ± 0.15

0.97 ± 0.15

< 0.001

TyG index

9.30 ± 0.55

8.63 ± 0.22

9.10 ± 0.10

9.46 ± 0.11

10.0 ± 0.29

< 0.001

ASCVD risk, %

3.3 ± 1.9

2.6 ± 1.9

3.2 ± 1.9

3.6 ± 1.8

4.1 ± 1.8

< 0.001

Observation time (years)

3.5 ± 1.9

3.4 ± 1.8

3.5 ± 1.9

3.5 ± 1.9

3.6 ± 1.9

0.071