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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study population

From: Effect of empagliflozin on left ventricular contractility and peak oxygen uptake in subjects with type 2 diabetes without heart disease: results of the EMPA-HEART trial

 

All patients (n = 44)

Empagliflozin (n = 22)

Sitagliptin (n = 22)

p value

Clinical data

 Male (n, %)

38 (86)

19 (86)

19 (86)

ns

 Age (years)

61.7 ± 9.7

61.6 ± 9.6

61.8 ± 10.1

ns

 Duration of diabetes (years)

9.6 ± 8.0

7.8 ± 6.9

11.1 ± 8.8

ns

 Weight (kg)

84.6 ± 15.3

83.0 ± 13.6

83.7 ± 12.4

ns

 BMI (kg/m2)

28.7 ± 5.3

27.8 ± 4.7

29.6 ± 5.7

ns

 Mean BP (mmHg)

102.6 ± 11.5

102.9 ± 9.9

102.3 ± 13.2

ns

 Active smokers, (n, %)

10 (23)

6 (27)

4 (18)

ns

 Hypertension (n, %)

34 (77)

18 (81)

16 (72)

ns

Baseline therapy

 Metformin, n (%)

40 (91)

20 (91)

20 (91)

ns

 Insulin, n (%)

11 (25)

7 (32)

4 (18)

ns

 Statin, n (%)

32 (73)

18 (81)

14 (63)

ns

 ACEi/ARBs, n (%)

27 (61)

16 (53)

11 (50)

ns

 Beta-blockers, n (%)

10 (23)

5 (23)

5 (23)

ns

 CCB, n (%)

10 (23)

6 (27)

4 (18)

ns

 ASA, n (%)

16 (36)

4 (41)

7 (32)

ns

 Thiazide diuretics, n (%)

5 (11)

3 (14)

2 (9)

ns

 Furosemide, n (%)

1 (2)

0 (0)

1 (5)

ns

Blood tests

 HbA1c (mmol/mol)

59.2 ± 6.4

57.8 ± 6.5

60.3 ± 6.2

ns

 Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)

162 ± 33

159 ± 29

165 ± 38

ns

 HDL-C (mg/dL)

48 ± 12

49 ± 13

47 ± 11

ns

 LDL-C (mg/dL)

97 ± 26

95 ± 21

98 ± 30

ns

 Triglycerides (mg/dL)

131 ± 57

121 ± 59

142 ± 54

ns

 Haemoglobin (g/dL)

14.2 ± 1.3

14.1 ± 1.1

14.3 ± 1.4

ns

 Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.89 ± 0.26

0.86 ± 0.31

0.92 ± 0.19

ns

 eGFR (mL/min/1.73mq)

89.6 ± 17.4

91.5 ± 18.5

87.7 ± 16.5

ns

 Uric acid (mg/dL)

5.55 ± 1.45

6.01 ± 1.60

5.10 ± 1.10

ns

 UAlb.-UCreat.-Ratio (mg/g)

5 (0–15)

4 (0–7)

8 (4–36)

ns

 NT-proBNP (pg/mL)

81 (27–118)

63 (28–121)

33 (16–76)

ns

Vascular and pulmonary function

 Ankle-Brachial-Index

1.16 ± 0.10

1.13 ± 1.1

1.18 ± 1.1

ns

 VD/VT (%)

16.2 ± 4.9

16.4 ± 3.9

16.1 ± 5.2

ns

2D-Echocardiography

 EDVi (mL/m2)

51.5 ± 11.7

52.0 ± 12.2

51.0 ± 11.5

ns

 LVMi (g/m2)

89.5 ± 17.3

89.9 ± 16.1

89.2 ± 18.9

ns

 LAVi (mL/m2)

24.9 ± 7.5

24.8 ± 8.4

25.0 ± 6.8

ns

 LVEF rest (%)

59.3 ± 4.5

60.5 ± 3.6

58.1 ± 5.1

ns

 E/A ratio

0.90 ± 0.25

0.94 ± 0.26

0.86 ± 0.23

ns

 E/e′ (cm/sec)

8.5 ± 2.5

8.3 ± 2.2

8.7 ± 2.7

ns

  1. ACEi/ARBs, ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CCB, calcium channel blockers; EDVi, end diastolic volume index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; LAVi, left atrium volume index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction. LVMi, left ventricular mass index; UAlb-UCreat. Ratio, spot urine albumine-to-creatinine ratio