Evaluating the impact of glucokinase activation on risk of cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomisation analysis

Table 1 Associations of genetically proxied GK activation with risks of T2D and insulin level

Exposure	Outcome	OR/Beta (95% CI)	P
Main analysis: Genetically proxied GK activation (per 1% lower HbA_1c) instrumented by 17 SNPs	T2D	0.09 (0.05, 0.17)	2.76 × 10⁻¹⁵
	Insulin level	1.52 (0.65, 2.38)	0.0006
Sensitivity analysis: Genetically proxied GK activation (per 1% lower HbA_1c) instrumented by 2 SNPs	T2D	0.11 (0.03, 0.35)	0.0002
	Insulin level	1.81 (−0.01, 3.64)	0.051

All estimations were based on the inverse variance weighted method. The population was restricted to European ancestry. 1% lower HbA_1c equals to 11 mmol/mol lower
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; T2D, type 2 diabetes; GK, glucokinase; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism

ISSN: 1475-2840