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Fig. 1 | Cardiovascular Diabetology

Fig. 1

From: Evaluating the impact of glucokinase activation on risk of cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomisation analysis

Fig. 1

Directed acyclic graph of MR. MR is based on the three core assumptions: (1) IVs must be strongly associated with the exposure (typically P < 5 × 10−8); (2) IVs affect the outcome only through exposure and are not directly associated with the outcome; (3) IVs are not correlated with known exposure–outcome confounders. MR, Mendelian randomisation; IV, instrumental variable; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism; GK, glucokinase

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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840