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Table 4 Severity of morbidity according to preceding gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

From: Cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus: a nationwide register-based cohort study

 

GDM

(N = 4,232)

No GDM

(N = 92,604)

p-value

OR (95% CI)a

Crude

Adjustedb

Hospital contactsc

N = 1742

N = 34,733

   

Within 1 year

0 (0–1)

0 (0–1)

0.196

  

 0

994 (57.1)

20,589 (59.3)

 

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

 1–2

574 (33.0)

10,775 (31.0)

 

1.10 (0.99–1.23)

1.13 (1.02–1.26)

 ≥ 3

174 (10.0)

3369 (9.7)

 

1.07 (0.91–1.26)

1.11 (0.94–1.31)

Within 3 years

1 (0–2)

0 (0–1)

 < 0.001

  

 0

854 (49.0)

18,890 (54.4)

 

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

 1–2

609 (35.0)

11,139 (32.1)

 

1.21 (1.09–1.35)

1.24 (1.11–1.38)

 3–4

180 (10.3)

3040 (8.8)

 

1.31 (1.11–1.55)

1.34 (1.14–1.59)

 ≥ 5

99 (5.7)

1664 (4.8)

 

1.32 (1.06–1.63)

1.37 (1.10–1.70)

Redemptionsd

N = 3951

N = 83,087

   

Within 1 year

3 (0–5)

3 (0–5)

 < 0.001

  

 0–1

1173 (29.7)

30,815 (37.1)

 

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

 2–3

1224 (31.0)

23,268 (28.0)

 

1.38 (1.27–1.50)

1.42 (1.31–1.55)

 4–6

818 (20.7)

16,292 (19.6)

 

1.32 (1.20–1.45)

1.42 (1.29–1.56)

 ≥ 7

736 (18.6)

12,712 (15.3)

 

1.52 (1.38–1.67)

1.61 (1.46–1.78)

Within 3 years

7 (2–12)

5 (0–11)

 < 0.001

  

 0–1

716 (18.1)

22,294 (26.8)

 

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

 2–5

957 (24.2)

21,266 (25.6)

 

1.40 (1.27–1.55)

1.37 (1.24–1.51)

 6–9

741 (18.8)

12,849 (15.5)

 

1.80 (1.62–1.99)

1.87 (1.68–2.08)

 10–13

627 (15.9)

11,234 (13.5)

 

1.74 (1.56–1.94)

1.92 (1.71–2.15)

 ≥ 14

910 (23.0)

15,444 (18.6)

 

1.83 (1.66–2.03)

1.97 (1.77–2.20)

  1. Morbidity severity in women with incident cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity
  2. Data presented as median (IQR) or n (%)
  3. aOdds ratio, reference group: No GDM and 0 additional hospital contacts or 0–1 additional redemption, respectively
  4. bAdjusted for age, parity, preexisting PCOS/hirsutism/hypertension/dyslipidemia, Charlson Comorbidity Index, ethnicity, marital status, income, education, occupation, and calendar year of delivery
  5. cNumber of additional hospital contacts with diagnosis codes within ischemic heart disease, heart failure, stroke/TCI, hypertension, dyslipidemia, venous thrombosis, and/or cardiac arrhythmia
  6. dNumber of additional redemptions within antithrombotic, lipid modifying and/or antihypertensive agents