Circulating ceramides and sphingomyelins and the risk of incident cardiovascular disease among people with diabetes: the strong heart study

Table 4 Adjusted risk of incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and heart failure in SHFS

	Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease						Heart failure
	Multivariable model			Sphingolipid adjusted model			Multivariable model			Sphingolipid adjusted model
	HR	95% CI	p	HR	95% CI	p	HR	95% CI	p	HR	95% CI	p
Cer-16	2.01	(1.35, 2.99)	0.0006	2.26	(1.09, 4.66)	0.0276	1.77	(0.73, 4.28)	0.21	2.57	(0.76, 8.66)	0.13
Cer-20	1.7	(1.32, 2.19)	0.00004	1.42	(0.81, 2.47)	0.2180	1.24	(0.64, 2.39)	0.52	0.83	(0.32, 2.18)	0.71
Cer-22	1.44	(0.96, 2.17)	0.08	0.88	(0.44, 1.75)	0.7133	1.22	(0.59, 2.52)	0.59	0.67	(0.26, 1.72)	0.41
Cer-24	1.36	(0.86, 2.14)	0.19	0.72	(0.35, 1.48)	0.3705	1.07	(0.45, 2.58)	0.87	0.45	(0.14, 1.44)	0.18
SM-16	2.07	(0.92, 4.67)	0.08	2.97	(0.96, 9.18)	0.0588	0.98	(0.28, 3.50)	0.98	0.69	(0.13, 3.74)	0.67
SM-20	1.09	(0.62, 1.91)	0.76	0.61	(0.27, 1.37)	0.2343	1.14	(0.46, 2.83)	0.78	1.27	(0.38, 4.22)	0.69
SM-22	1.08	(0.64, 1.82)	0.78	0.6	(0.28, 1.31)	0.2031	1.28	(0.46, 3.57)	0.63	1.59	(0.41, 6.10)	0.50
SM-24	1.03	(0.63, 1.70)	0.91	0.61	(0.30, 1.24)	0.1709	1.28	(0.49, 3.34)	0.62	1.52	(0.49, 4.77)	0.47

Number of incident events: Atherosclerotic Heart Disease (n = 99); HF (n = 33). Models are adjusted for age, sex, study site, education, smoking, physical activity, BMI, waist circumference, LDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, treated hypertension, duration of diabetes, type of diabetes medication used, and treated hyperlipidemia; for the sphingolipid adjusted models, Cer-16 and SM-16 models include additional adjustment for Cer-22 and SM-22, respectively; Cer-20, -22, -24, and SM-20, -22, and -24 models include additional adjustment for Cer-16 and SM-16, respectively

ISSN: 1475-2840