A novel kidney disease index reflecting both the albumin-to-creatinine ratio and estimated glomerular filtration rate, predicted cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in type 2 diabetes

Table 2 Age and sex-adjusted hazard with a one standard deviation higher level of markers of kidney disease

	Ln (100*ACR)	1/eGFR^a	Interaction (P)^b	KDI
Mean	5.47	0.014	N/A	0.27
Standard deviation	1.74	0.007	N/A	0.08
MACE (per 1 SD)	1.40 (1.32, 1.47)	1.31 (1.22, 1.40)	Negative (0.031)	1.27 (1.23, 1.31)
Death (per 1 SD)	1.53 (1.44, 1.62)	1.52 (1.42, 1.61)	Negative (0.018)	1.30 (1.27, 1.31)
Kidney composite (per 1 SD)	1.79 (1.68, 1.90)	1.34 (1.25, 1.44)	No Interaction	1.31 (1.28, 1.34)

Hazard rates are per 1 SD (standard deviation) higher level of the risk factor and are from the age and sex adjusted models for each variable
ACR urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio; eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate; KDI kidney disease index
^aAs the relationship between 1/eGFR and the outcomes is not linear, the models include both 1/eGFR and the square of 1/eGFR as independent variables
^bThe interaction column notes whether there was an interaction between Ln(100*ACR) and 1/eGFR with respect to each of the 4 outcomes and is based on an age and sex adjusted Cox model that includes each term, an interaction term between the two, and a term that includes the square of 1/eGFR. The kidney composite includes new macroalbuminuria, a sustained decline in eGFR ≥ 40%, or chronic kidney replacement therapy

ISSN: 1475-2840