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Table 1 Clinical and biological characteristics of patients with type 1 diabetes

From: HDL functionality in type 1 diabetes: enhancement of cholesterol efflux capacity in relationship with decreased HDL carbamylation after improvement of glycemic control

 

At baseline (n = 27)

After intervention (n = 27)

P-value

Demographic and clinical characteristics

 Age (years)

30.8 [26.2–33.1]

31.1 [26.4–33.3]

 

 Sex ratio (M/F)

15 / 12

 

 Body mass index (kg/m2)

20.3 [19.0–22.8]

22.3 [20.6–24.7]

0.0003

 Tobacco users, n (%)

13 (48)

  

 Retinopathy, n (%)

4 (15)

  

 Nephropathy, n (%)

  Stage 0

26 (96)

  

  Stage 1

0 (0)

13 (48)

1.0

Biological characteristics

 HbA1c (mmol/mol)

101 [88–118]

65 [49–75]

 < 0.00001

 HbA1c (%)

11.4 [10.2–12.9]

8.1 [6.6–9.0]

 < 0.00001

 eGFR (ml.min−1.1.73 m−2)

126 [119–132]

124 [116–128]

0.06

 Plasma urea (mmol/L)

5.10 [4.40–6.60]

5.20 [4.35–5.95]

0.82

 Serum triglycerides (mmol/L)

0.94 [0.86–1.57]

0.95 [0.82–1.15]

0.10

 Serum total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.50 [3.80–5.12]

4.40 [4.00–4.70]

0.54

 Serum HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.27 [1.08–1.51]

1.44 [1.23–1.76]

0.002

 Serum LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

2.55 [2.09–3.04]

2.40 [1.87–2.91]

0.12

 Plasma MPO (µg/L)

85.5 [68.8–104.3]

78.9 [60.3–104.3]

0.51

HDL composition

 HDL-proteins (% HDL total weight)

43.4 [42.0–44.4]

43.5 [42.2–44.8]

0.73

 HDL-apoAI (% HDL total weight)

31.3 [29.7–31.9]

31.0 [29.9–31.8]

0.60

 HDL-phospholipids (% HDL total weight)

32.9 [32.3–35.1]

33.6 [32.4–34.6]

0.35

 HDL-esterified cholesterol (% HDL total weight)

18.3 [17.1–20.0]

18.7 [17.4–20.2]

0.23

 HDL-triglycerides (% HDL total weight)

4.23 [3.53–4.77]

3.59 [2.74–4.19]

0.011

 HDL-esterified cholesterol/HDL-triglycerides

8.24 [5.94–9.44]

9.28 [7.55–13.34]

0.005

 HDL-free cholesterol (% HDL total weight)

3.42 [2.99–3.84]

3.42 [3.22–3.99]

0.051

  1. Data are medians [1st and 3rd quartile], otherwise indicated. P-values were obtained using the non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test for paired samples
  2. eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MPO, myeloperoxidase