Study | Study design | Region | Source | Time frame | Number of participants (N) | Age (year) | Male (%) | LVEF (%) | QRS (ms) | Follow-up duration (m) | Primary disease | Prevention types | Device implantation | Outcomes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bilchick 2012 | Retrospective study | USA | Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services | 2005–2007 | 45,884 | 72.5 (median) | 76.0 | NA | NA | Development cohort: 52.8 (50.4–55.2); validation cohort: 43.2 (37.2–48)a | HF | Primary | ICD | All-cause mortality |
Borleffs 2009 | Prospective study | Netherlands | Leiden University Medical Center | 1996–2009 | 456 | 65.0 ± 10.0 | 86.0 | 35.0 ± 14.0 | 119.0 ± 30.0 | 54.0 ± 35.0 | Ischaemic heart disease | Secondary | ICD | All-cause mortality |
Briongos 2019 | Prospective study | Spain | UMBRELLA | 2006–2015 | 621 | 61.1 ± 11.4 | 87.3 | 26.6 ± 5.4 | 109.8 ± 25.3 | 52.8 ± 25.2 | HF | Primary | ICD | All-cause mortality/cardiac mortality |
Chao 2014 | Retrospective study | Taiwan | Three Taiwan medical centers | 1998–2009 | 238 | 63.0 ± 15.3 | 76.5 | 40.3 ± 13.3 | NA | 36.8 ± 29.8 | NA | Secondary | ICD | All-cause mortality |
Coleman 2008 | Prospective study | USA | Hartford hospital | 1997–2007 | 1204 | Non statin 64.5 ± 13.3; stain 67.5 ± 10.8 | Non statin 76.2 stain 80.7 | Non statin 22.9 ± 9.1; stain 24.4 ± 8.3 | NA | 31.1 ± 30.7 | HF | Primary or secondary | ICD | All-cause mortality |
Cygankiewicz 2009 | Prospective study | USA | Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial II (MADIT II) | 1997–2001 | 655 | 64.0 ± 10.0 | 84.0 | 28.0 ± 5.0 | > 120 (40%) | 63.0 | MI and LVEF < 30% | Primary | ICD | All-cause mortality |
Denollet 2012 | Prospective study | Netherlands | Two Dutch referral hospitals | 2003–2009 | 589 | 62.6 ± 10.1 | 81.0 | ≤ 35.0 (83%) | NA | 38.4 (9.6–78.0)a | Distressed (type D) | Primary or secondary | ICD | All-cause mortality/cardiac mortality |
Desai 2009 | Prospective study | USA | NA | NA | 209 | Non statin 72.0 ± 10.0; stain 72.0 ± 11.0 | 79.9 | Non statin 29.0 ± 7.0; stain 27.0 ± 7.0 | NA | Non statin 35.0 ± 20.0; stain 32.0 ± 19.0 | HF | NA | ICD/CRT-D | Appropriate shock |
Echouffo 2016 | Retrospective study | USA | NCDR-ICD Registry (CRT-D) + Centers for Medicare & Medicaid (ICD) | 2006–2009 | Non-diabetics: 11,345; diabetics: 7083 | Non-diabetics: 75.4 ± 6.2; diabetics: 74.0 ± 5.8 | Non-diabetics: 66.4; diabetics: 68.9 | Non-diabetics: 24.2 ± 6.3; diabetics: 24.4 ± 6.2 | ≥ 120.0 | 36.0 | HF | Primary | CRT-D | All-cause mortality |
Eckart 2006 | Retrospective study | USA | Military Health System Data Repository (MDR) | 2000–2004 | 741 | 64.0 ± 14.0 | 80.8 | NA | NA | 24.0 ± 20.4 | Renal insufficiency | Primary or secondary | ICD | All-cause mortality |
Exner 2001 | Retrospective study | Canada | Antiarrhythmics versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) Trial | 1993–1997 | 457 | Survived electrical storm:67.0 ± 11.0; survived other VT/VF episode: 64.0 ± 10.0; remaining patients: 65.0 ± 11.0 | Survived electrical storm: 73.0; survived other VT/VF episode: 81.0; remaining patients: 76.0 | Survived electrical storm: 29.0 ± 10.0; survived other VT/VF episode:30.0 ± 13.0; remaining patients: 35.0 ± 14.0 | NA | 31.0 ± 13.0 | HF | Secondary | ICD | All-cause mortality |
Fumagalli 2014 | Prospective study | Italy | 117 Italian cardiology centers | 2004–2011 | 6311 | NA | 82.0 | 29.0 ± 9.0 | NA | 27.0 (14.0–44.0)a | HF | NA | ICD/CRT-D | All-cause mortality |
Hager 2010 | Retrospective study | USA | Two centers in USA | 2000–2006 | 958 | 67.0 | NA | < 40.0 | NA | 36.0 | HF with CKD | Primary | ICD | All-cause mortality |
Hess 2014 | Retrospective study | USA | National Cardiovascular Data Registry’s (NCDR) ICD Registry | 2006–2007 | 47,282 | 67.0 (57.0–75.0)a | 74.8 | 24.9 ± 6.1 | < 120 (69.2%); 120–140 (13.5%); > 140 (17.3%) | 34.8 (28.8–39.6)a | MI + HF (LVEF < 30%) + congestive HF (LVEF < 35%) | Primary | ICD | All-cause mortality |
Ho 2005 | Retrospective study | USA | Loma Linda University Medical Center (LLUMC) | NA | 360 | 62.0 ± 13.0 | 80.0 | 33.0 ± 17.0 | NA | 52.8 ± 44.4 | Compromised left ventricular function | NA | ICD | All-cause mortality |
Jahangir 2017 | Retrospective study | USA | Their tertiary care center | 2010–2011 | 904 | 66.7 ± 13.0 | 69.0 | 24.7 ± 7.0 | NA | 31.2 ± 1.2b | HF | Primary or secondary | ICD | All-cause mortality |
Junttila 2020 | Retrospective study | European | European Comparative Effectiveness Research to Assess the Use of Primary Prophylactic Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (EU-CERT-ICD) project | 2002–2014 | Non-diabetics: 2540; Diabetics: 995 | Non-diabetics: 62.9 ± 11.7; diabetics: 65.7 ± 9.4 | Non-diabetics: 81.5; diabetics: 83.9 | Non-diabetics: 25.3 ± 6.1; diabetics: 25.7 ± 6.0 | NA | 38.4 ± 27.6 | HF | Primary | ICD/CRT-D | All-cause mortality/appropriate shock |
Lee 2007 | Retrospective study | Canada | Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) | 1997–2003 | 2467 | 62.5 ± 13.4 | 78.8 | NA | NA | 4551 (person-years) | NA | NA | ICD | All-cause mortality |
Lee 2015 | Prospective study | Canada | Ontario ICD Database | 2007–2011 | 3445 | 66.0 (58.0–73.0)a | 79.7 | < 35.0 | 126.0 (104.0–158.0)a | 2.0 (1.5–2.0)a | HF | Primary | ICD/CRT-D | All-cause mortality |
Morani 2013 | Prospective study | Italy | Contak Italian Registry | 2004–2007 | 266 | 67.0 ± 9.0 | 85.0 | 27.0 ± 5.0 | 165.0 ± 32.0 | 55.0 (41.0–64.0)a | HF | Primary or secondary | CRT-D | All-cause mortality |
Morani 2018 | Retrospective study | Italy | Eleven cardiology Italian centers | NA | 821 | 67.0 ± 11.0 | 80.4 | 32.3 ± 11.2 | NA | 44.3 ± 26.5 | NA | Primary or secondary | ICD/CRT-D | All-cause mortality |
Perkiomaki 2015 | Prospective study | USA | The Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation TrialCardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT) | NA | 1798 | Cardiac death: 65.9 ± 10.9; non-cardiac death: 69.1 ± 9.7; alive: 64.1 ± 10.7 | Cardiac death: 89.0; non-cardiac death: 82.0; alive: 74.0 | Cardiac death: 22.0 ± 5.4; non-cardiac death: 23.9 ± 4.7; alive: 23.9 ± 5.2 | Cardiac death: 156.2 ± 21.7; non-cardiac death: 157.9 ± 18.1; alive: 158.3 ± 19.7 | 48.0 | Ischaemic cardiomyopathy (NYHA I-II) or nonischaemic cardiomyopathy (NYHA II) with LVEF < 30, QRS > 130 | Primary or secondary | CRT-D + ICD | Cardiac mortality |
Rogstad 2018 | Retrospective study | USA | Medicare Advantage | 2014–2015 | 8450 | 70.9 ± 8.92 | 72.0 | NA | NA | 12.0 | NA | NA | ICD | All-cause mortality |
Rorth 2019 | Retrospective study | Danish | Danish Study to Assess the Efficacy of ICDs in Patients with Nonischaemic Systolic Heart Failure on Mortality (DANISH) trial | 2008–2014 | Non-diabetics: 905; diabetics: 211 | Non-diabetics: 62.0 ± 10.0; diabetics: 63.0 ± 9.0 | Non-diabetics:72.0; diabetics:75.0 | Non-diabetics:24.2 ± 6.2; diabetics:23.4 ± 6.3 | NA | 68.0 (49.0–85.0) | Non-ischaemic systolic HF | Primary | ICD | All-cause mortality/cardiac mortality/appropriate therapy/inappropriate therapy |
Ruwald 2013 | Retrospective study | USA | Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial—Reduce Inappropriate Therapy (MADIT-RIT) | 2009–2011 | Non-diabetics: 998; diabetics: 485 | Non-diabetics: 63.0 ± 12.0; diabetics: 64.0 ± 11.0 | Non-diabetics: 71.0; diabetics: 71.0 | ≤ 25.0: non-diabetics (50%); diabetics (46%) | NA | 17.4 | NA | Primary | ICD + CRT-D | Appropriate therapy/inappropriate therapy/appropriate shock/inappropriate shock/appropriate ATP/inappropriate ATP |
Ruwald 2016 | Retrospective study | Danish | Danish nationwide clinical registers | 2007–2012 | Primary: 1873; secondary: 2461 | Primary: 62.2 ± 12.2; secondary: 62.3 ± 13.2 | Primary: 81.0; secondary: 79.0 | Primary: 29.4 ± 12.4; secondary: 40.4 ± 14.5 | Primary: 103.4 ± 23.7; secondary: 102.2 ± 28.8 | 30.2 ± 19.8 | NA | Primary or secondary | ICD | All-cause mortality/appropriate therapy |
Santangelo 2020 | Retrospective study | Italy | San Paolo Hospital | NA | 193 | 66.3 ± 10.9 | 81.3 | 28.2 ± 5.2 | NA | 48.0 (22.8–76.6)a | Chronic HF and reduced LVEF | Primary | ICD/CRT-D | All-cause mortality |
Seegers 2016 | Retrospective study | Germany | University Medical Center Gottingen | 1998–2010 | 1151 | Male: 65.0 ± 12.0; female: 62.0 ± 15.0 | 81.2 | Male:29.0 ± 11.0; female: 34.0 ± 13.0 | Male: 123.0 ± 32.0; female: 112.0 ± 30.0 | 58.8 ± 32.4 | HF | Primary or secondary | ICD/CRT-D | All-cause mortality/appropriate shock |
Sjöblom 2016 | Retrospective study | Sweden | Swedish Pacemaker Registry | 2006–2011 | 789 | 65.0 ± 11.0 | 83.0 | 25.0 ± 10.0 | 134.0 ± 54.0 | 39.0 ± 18.0 | Congestive HF | Primary | ICD/CRT-D | All-cause mortality |
Stein 2009 | Prospective study | USA | Synergistic Effects of Risk Factors for Sudden Cardiac Death (SERF) Study | 2001–2004 | 1655 | 66.8 ± 11.7 | 82.0 | 31.7 ± 12.4 | NA | 12.5 (median) | NA | Primary or secondary | ICD | All-cause mortality |
Steiner 2016 | Prospectively study | Israeli | Israeli ICD Database | 2010–2011 | Non-diabetics: 1346; diabetics: 764 | Non-diabetics: 62.2 ± 14.0; diabetics: 66.3 ± 9.4 | Non-diabetics: 82.0; diabetics: 85.0 | Non-diabetics: 30.5 ± 11.6; diabetics: 28.0 ± 8.3 | Non-diabetics: 115.8 ± 29.8; diabetics: 124.6 ± 30.9 | 21.0 ± 10.2 | HF | Primary or secondary | ICD/CRT-D | All-cause mortality/appropriate therapy/inappropriate therapy/appropriate shock/inappropriate shock/appropriate ATP/inappropriate ATP |
Vandenberk 2016 | Retrospective study | Belgium | University Hospitals of Leuven | 1996–2014 | 727 | 62.5 ± 11.7 | 84.9 | 32.4 ± 12.4 | 131.0 ± 34.0 | 62.4 ± 49.2 | Ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy | Primary or secondary | ICD/CRT-D | All-cause mortality |
Wasiak 2020 | Retrospective study | Poland | Contemporary Modalities in Treatment of Heart Failure (COMMIT-HF) | 2009–2013 | Ischemic: 705; nonischemic: 368 | Ischemic: 64.0 ± 10.2; nonischemic: 52.8 ± 12.9 | Ischemic: 85.6; nonischemic: 74.0 | Ischemic: 26.0 ± 5.7; nonischemic: 24.0 ± 5.6 | NA | 60.5 | Systolic HF | Primary | ICD/CRT-D | All-cause mortality |
Wilson 2017 | Retrospective study | UK | Multicenter in Southampton and Bristol Heart Institute | 2006–2014 | 424 | > 60.0 | 86.3 | 60.0–69.9 years: 31.7 ± 15.2; 70.0–79.9 years: 26.2 ± 10.3; > 80.0 years: 31.9 ± 11.4 | NA | 32.6 | HF | Primary | ICD/CRT-D | All-cause mortality |
Winkler 2019 | Retrospective study | Poland | Military Institute of Medicine in Warsaw | 2011–2017 | 457 | 66.0 ± 11.0 | 80.6 | 29.0 (25.0–33.0)a | NA | 31.0 (17.0–52.0) | HF | Primary or secondary | ICD/CRT-D | All-cause mortality/appropriate therapy |
Zhang 2014 | Prospective study | USA | Prospective Observational Study of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators (PROSE-ICD) | NA | 1189 | 60.6 ± 12.7 | 72.9 | 22.3 ± 7.4 | 118.7 ± 30.7 | 12.0 | HF | Primary | ICD | All-cause mortality |