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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of study population at 1 year of follow-up in ARNI users (n 106) vs. non-ARNI users’ patients (n 312)

From: Glycated ACE2 reduces anti-remodeling effects of renin-angiotensin system inhibition in human diabetic hearts

 

Basal

Follow-up

P

Basal

Follow-up

P

Basal

Follow-up

P

N

107

107

53

53

37

37

 

Recipient data

 Mean age (years)

51.3 ± 5.9

50.5 ± 5.5

51.3 ± 5.5

 Sex, male (%)

72 (67.3)

34 (64.1)

24 (64.9)

 BMI (kg/m2)

25.5 ± 1.7

24.9 ± 1.4

0.010

27.8 ± 1.5*

26.2 ± 1.6*

0.001

27.9 ± 1.8*

27.4 ± 1.9*§

0.279

Aetiology of heart failure

 Myocardial ischemia, n (%)

50 (46.7)

27 (51.0)

19 (51.3)

 Dilated cardiomyopathy, n (%)

44 (41.1)

20 (37.7)

14 (37.8)

 Other, n (%)

13 (12.1)

6 (11.3)

4 (10.9)

Cardiovascular risk factors

 Hypertension, n (%)

33 (30.8)

25 (47.2)*

16 (43.2)*

 Dyslipidemia, n (%)

21 (19.6)

16 (30.2)*

12 (32.4)*

 Family history of CAD, n (%)

23 (21.5)

18 (33.9)*

13 (35.1)*

 Smoking history, n (%)

13 (12.1)

8 (15.1)

5 (13.5)

 Diabetes duration, years

14.6 ± 2.2

14.7 ± 3.1

Laboratory analyses

 Plasma glucose (mg/dl)

91.1 ± 6.4

91.7 ± 8.8

0.507

150.1 ± 12.1*

137.1 ± 7.2*

0.001

155.2 ± 26.2*

180.9 ± 25.4*§

0.001

 HbA1c (%)

5.7 ± 0.9

5.8 ± 0.6

0.223

6.8 ± 1.2*

6.5 ± 0.4*

0.177

6.8 ± 1.1*

8.2 ± 0.6*§

0.001

 Cholesterol (mg/dl)

159.8 ± 22.6

153.6 ± 17.4

0.013

173.9 ± 21.3*

164.5 ± 27.1*

0.039

177.1 ± 24.3*

183.7 ± 15.2*§

0.233

 LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)

94.5 ± 15.9

89.4 ± 14.6

0.016

95.8 ± 29.3

89.1 ± 13.8

0.141

97.2 ± 21.7

106.9 ± 14.9*§

0.671

 HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)

40.91 ± 2.5

40.3 ± 2.5

0.051

39.8 ± 3.5*

40.2 ± 2.9

0.536

38.8 ± 3.7*

38.3 ± 3.1*§

0.585

 Triglycerides (mg/dl)

124.13 ± 28.1

119.5 ± 27.4

0.019

191.7 ± 22.4*

175.2 ± 21.4*

0.001

193.9 ± 22.5*

197.8 ± 15.2*

0.278

 Creatinine (mg/dl)

1.1 ± 0.11

1.0 ± 0.44

0.421

1.1 ± 0.41

1.1 ± 0.81

0.523

1.1 ± 0.21

1.1 ± 0.58

0.446

Heart failure therapy

 ACEIs, n (%)

70 (65.4%)

71 (66.3)

0.236

33 (62.3%)

36 (67.9)

0.298

24 (64.9%)

24 (64.9%)

0.362

  Lisinopril 5 mg, n (%)

9 (12.8%)

7 (9.9%)

 

4 (12.2%)

4 (11.1%)

 

3 (12.5%)

3 (12.5%)

 

  10 mg, n (%)

14 (20%)

18 (25.3%)

 

7 (21.3%)

8 (22.2%)

 

5 (20.8%)

6 (25%)

 

  20 mg, n (%)

11 (15.7%)

10 (14.1%)

 

5 (15.2%)

5 (13.8%)

 

3 (12.5%)

2 (8.3%)

 

  Enalapril 5 mg, n (%)

10 (14.3)

8 (11.3%)

 

5 (15.2%)

5 (13.8%)

 

4 (16.7%)

4 (16.7%)

 

  10 mg, n (%)

16 (22.9%)

19 (26.8%)

 

7 (21.3%)

10 (27.8%)

 

6 (25%)

7 (29.2%)

 

  20 mg, n (%)

10 (14.3%)

9 (12.7%)

 

5 (15.2%)

4 (11.1%)

 

3 (12.5%)

2 (8.3%)

 

 ARBs, n (%)

30 (28.1%)

36 (33.7)

0.457

12 (22.6%)

17 (32.1)

0.456

11 (29.7%)

13 (35.1)

0.473

  Losartan 50 mg, n (%)

6 (20%)

6 (16.7%)

 

2 (16.7%)

2 (11.8%)

 

2 (18.2%)

2 (15.4%)

 

  100 mg, n (%)

15 (50%)

20 (55.5%)

 

6 (50%)

10 (58.8%)

 

5 (45.5%)

8 (61.6%)

 

  150 mg, n (%)

9 (30%)

10 (27.8%)

 

4 (33.3%)

5 (29.4%)

 

4 (36.4%)

3 (23.1%)

 

 Diuretics, n (%)

107 (100)

100 (93.4)

0.169

53 (100)

49 (92.4)

0.578

37 (100)

33 (89.1)

0.125

 Beta-blokers

104 (97.2)

102 (95.3)

0.521

53 (100)

52 (98.1)

0.465

35 (94.6)

36 (97.3)

0.661

 Calcium antagonists, n (%)

33 (30.8)

30 (28.1)

0.298

15 (28.3)

14 (26.4)

0.741

10 (27.1)

9 (24.3)

0.332

Anti-diabetic therapy

 Insulin, n (%)

10 (18.9)

12 (22.6)

0.560

8 (21.6)

11 (29.7)

0.282

 Metformin, n (%)

 

42 (79.2)

46 (86.8)

0.451

30 (81.1)

32 (86.5)

0.457

 DPP-IV inhibitor, n (%)

12 (22.6)

13 (24.5)

0.332

10 (27.2)

12 (32.4)

0.368

 GLP-1 agonist, n (%)

7 (13.2)

6 (11.3)

0.599

4 (10.8)

5 (13.5)

0,446

 Sulfonylureas, n (%)

4 (7.5)

0

/

2 (5.4)

0

 Glinides, n (%)

6 (11.3)

2 (3.8)

 

4 (10.8)

5 (13.5)

 

Donor data

 Mean age (years)

33.1 ± 9.9

32.4 ± 10.7

31.9 ± 10.6

 Male, n (%)

50 (46.7)

24 (45.2)

18 (48.6)

 BMI, kg/m2

26.1 ± 1.1

25.9 ± 1.4

26.4 ± 1.0

 Donor ischemic time (min)

100.3 ± 19.9

101.1 ± 20.4

100.1 ± 13.6

  1. Data are means ± SD or n (%)
  2. BMI body mass index, DPP-IV dipeptidyl peptidase IV, GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide-1
  3. *P < 0.01 vs. non-diabetic patients. §P < 0.01 vs. diabetic patients with HbA1c mean < 7%