Fig. 2

Volcano plot of the 92 cardiometabolic biomarkers and 24 hospital laboratory tests. The plot includes, for each protein biomarker and hospital lab, the odds ratio on the x-axis and P value (-log10) on the y-axis resulting from a logistic regression model with ICU/death as the outcome, adjusted for the covariates: age, gender, BMI, and self-reported race/ethnicity. To account for non-normality, the P values were calculated after applying rank-based inverse normal transformation. To preserve interpretability, the odds ratios were calculated from the data standardized to have a mean of 0 a standard deviation of 1. The threshold P < 0.05/116 hospital laboratory tests and protein biomarkers = 4 × 10^–4 was used to identify significant results (shown in red). Nominally significant results (P < 0.05) are shown in green. SD Standard deviation, CRP C-reactive protein, LDH lactate dehydrogenase