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Table 4 A priori defined individual variables associated with diabetes groups in order of overall significance

From: Multi-dimensional characterization of prediabetes in the Project Baseline Health Study

Variable

Overall association with diabetes group

Post-hoc pairwise comparisons, p†

 

p

q‡

DM vs. preDM

DM vs. noDM

PreDM vs. noDM

Category*

ASCVD risk score

1 × 10− 70

3 × 10− 69

2 × 10− 11

2 × 10− 11

2 × 10− 11

Monotonic

Coronary artery calcium > 100

3 × 10− 26

4 × 10− 25

7 × 10− 5

< 10− 70

2 × 10− 9

Monotonic

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

6 × 10− 26

6 × 10− 25

< 10− 70

< 10− 70

0.004

Monotonic

High density lipoprotein (mg/dl)

5 × 10− 20

3 × 10− 19

< 10− 70

< 10− 70

0.4

Misc.

Average daily number of steps

2 × 10− 14

9 × 10− 14

6 × 10− 9

4 × 10− 11

0.4

Misc.

Diastolic function score

2 × 10− 11

1 × 10− 10

0.2

2 × 10− 8

2 × 10− 6

Concordant

Average sleep efficiency (proportion of time asleep while in bed)

3 × 10− 6

9 × 10− 6

0.9

0.002

3 × 10− 5

Concordant

Average total sleep time (hr)

2 × 10− 5

6 × 10− 5

0.6

2 × 10− 4

0.004

Concordant

  1. ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; DM, diabetes; preDM, prediabetes; noDM, no diabetes
  2. Primary variables have absolute loadings > 0.4 for the factor. Variables designated “(−)” are negatively loaded; all others are positively loaded
  3. *Monotonic factors/a priori variables showed statistically significant differences between all pairwise comparisons (noDM-preDM, noDM-DM, and preDM-DM), with mean values for participants with prediabetes intermediate to those of the other two groups. Concordant factors/a priori variables did not show statistically significant differences between preDM-DM, but did show differences between preDM-noDM. Miscellaneous factors showed a mix of patterns: statistically significant differences between preDM-DM but not between preDM-noDM (discordant); preDM participants with mean values intermediate to, but not significantly different from, both DM and noDM; and preDM participants with mean values more extreme than, and significantly different from, both DM and noDM
  4. †Adjusted for multiple comparisons using Tukey’s post-hoc test
  5. ‡False discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted p-values