Skip to main content

Table 3 PCA factors significantly associated with diabetes groups in order of overall significance

From: Multi-dimensional characterization of prediabetes in the Project Baseline Health Study

Factor

Primary variables

Overall association with diabetes groups

Post-hoc pairwise comparisons,

p†

 

p

q‡

DM vs. preDM

DM vs. noDM

PreDM vs. noDM

Category*

Factor 9

HbA1c, diabetes, glucose, selection for high-risk cardiovascular disease (CVD) cohort

< 10− 70

< 10− 70

< 10− 70

< 10− 70

< 10− 70

Monotonic

Factor 1

Sit/rise score, one-leg balance, 6-minute walk, body mass index (BMI) (−), waist circumference (−)

2 × 10− 22

1 × 10− 21

0.02

< 10− 70

< 10− 70

Monotonic

Factor 12

Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol

4 × 10− 11

2 × 10− 10

< 10− 70

1 × 10− 5

1 × 10− 4

Misc.

Factor 8

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red blood cells (RBC) (−)

2 × 10− 10

8 × 10− 10

0.4

6 × 10− 4

1 × 10− 9

Concordant

Factor 2

Forced vital capacity (FVC), diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), forced expiratory volume (FEV1), hand grip strength, hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells (abs), 6-minute walk, sex

6 × 10− 7

2 × 10− 6

1

4 × 10− 4

2 × 10− 5

Concordant

Factor 32

Heart failure, C-reactive protein (CRP)

3 × 10− 4

6 × 10− 4

0.001

3 × 10− 4

1

Misc.

Factor 3

Smoking, selection for high-risk lung cancer cohort, selection for high-risk CVD cohort, vitamin D (−)

3 × 10− 4

7 × 10− 4

0.3

7 × 10− 4

0.05

Concordant

Factor 10

Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular inner dimension end systole (LVIDs) (−)

7 × 10− 4

0.001

0.9

0.05

0.002

Concordant

Factor 20

Basophils

0.002

0.004

0.002

0.02

0.2

Misc.

Factor 6

White blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes

0.004

0.006

0.5

0.008

0.1

Misc.

Factor 11

Urine creatinine, specific gravity, urine albumin, pH (−)

0.01

0.02

0.1

0.008

0.7

Misc.

Factor 31

Atrial fibrillation, selection for high-risk breast/ovarian cancer cohort (−)

0.03

0.04

0.4

0.03

0.4

Misc.

  1. DM, diabetes; preDM, prediabetes; noDM, no diabetes
  2. Primary variables have absolute loadings >0.4 for the factor. Variables designated “(-)” are negatively loaded; all others are positively loaded
  3. *Monotonic factors/a priori variables showed statistically significant differences between all pairwise comparisons (noDM-preDM, noDM-DM, and preDM-DM), with mean values for participants with prediabetes intermediate to those of the other two groups. Concordant factors/a priori variables did not show statistically significant differences between preDM-DM, but did show differences between preDM-noDM. Miscellaneous factors showed a mix of patterns: statistically significant differences between preDM-DM but not between preDM-noDM (discordant); preDM participants with mean values intermediate to, but not significantly different from, both DM and noDM; and preDM participants with mean values more extreme than, and significantly different from, both DM and noDM noDM.
  4. †Adjusted for multiple comparisons using Tukey’s post-hoc test
  5. ‡False discovery rate (FDR)- adjusted p-values