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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of ICU patients grouped according to TyG index quartiles

From: Triglyceride-glucose index linked to all-cause mortality in critically ill patients: a cohort of 3026 patients

Categories

Overall (N = 3026)

Q1 (N = 756)

Q2 (N = 755)

Q3 (N = 758)

Q4 (N = 757)

P-value

Demographic

 Age, years, mean (SD)

65.44 (16.07)

68.32 (16.44)

66.83 (15.90)

65.62 (15.58)

60.99 (15.45)

< 0.001

 Male, n (%)

1786 (59.0)

451 (59.7)

437 (57.9)

455 (60.0)

443 (58.5)

0.819

 Ethnicity, n (%)

0.003

  Asian

617 (20.4)

135 (17.9)

139 (18.4)

170 (22.4)

173 (22.9)

 

  Black

58 (1.9)

21 (2.8)

10 (1.3)

19 (2.5)

8 (1.1)

 

  White

202 (6.7)

62 (8.2)

44 (5.8)

36 (4.7)

60 (7.9)

 

  Hispanic/Latino

83 (2.7)

15 (2.0)

25 (3.3)

21 (2.8)

22 (2.9)

 

  Other

2066 (68.3)

523 (69.2)

537 (71.1)

512 (67.5)

494 (65.3)

 

 Weight, kg, mean (SD)

82.25 (22.71)

77.00 (19.72)

80.49 (22.39)

82.28 (21.75)

88.98 (24.93)

< 0.001

 Height, cm, mean (SD)

169.92 (14.47)

171.03 (20.16)

169.30 (13.36)

169.27 (12.04)

170.14 (11.20)

0.319

 BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD)

31.35 (76.35)

36.20 (156.02)

29.21 (12.59)

29.18 (13.20)

31.10 (12.03)

0.581

ICU admission

 SOFA score, mean (SD)

3.32 (2.91)

2.86 (2.45)

3.00 (2.59)

3.42 (2.88)

4.01 (3.48)

< 0.001

 LODS score, mean (SD)

3.49 (2.56)

3.08 (2.25)

3.20 (2.26)

3.64 (2.61)

4.05 (2.94)

< 0.001

 OASIS score, mean (SD)

30.94 (8.96)

29.81 (8.58)

30.45 (8.38)

31.29 (9.04)

32.22 (9.61)

< 0.001

 SIRS score, mean (SD)

2.51 (1.06)

2.32 (1.04)

2.40 (1.06)

2.57 (1.03)

2.73 (1.05)

< 0.001

 APSIII, mean (SD)

39.29 (18.74)

36.61 (16.12)

37.10 (17.36)

39.37 (19.18)

44.05 (21.01)

< 0.001

 SAPSII, mean (SD)

32.83 (13.23)

31.50 (12.09)

32.08 (12.33)

33.39 (13.59)

34.37 (14.58)

< 0.001

 First Care Unit, n (%)

< 0.001

  CCU

1259 (41.6)

332 (43.9)

304 (40.3)

333 (43.9)

290 (38.3)

 

  CSRU

152 (5.0)

27 (3.6)

36 (4.8)

45 (5.9)

44 (5.8)

 

  MICU

708 (23.4)

152 (20.1)

162 (21.5)

159 (21.0)

235 (31.0)

 

  SICU

643 (21.2)

180 (23.8)

176 (23.3)

154 (20.3)

133 (17.6)

 

  TSICU

264 (8.7)

65 (8.6)

77 (10.2)

67 (8.8)

55 (7.3)

 

Vital signs

 HR, bmp, mean (SD)

81.13 (16.20)

78.03 (15.21)

79.34 (15.65)

82.02 (15.79)

85.15 (17.18)

< 0.001

 SBP, mmHg, mean (SD)

123.12 (18.63)

122.37 (18.77)

123.36 (18.51)

123.58 (19.21)

123.17 (18.03)

0.612

 DBP, mmHg, mean (SD)

63.82 (11.43)

63.21 (10.93)

63.78 (11.51)

64.17 (11.50)

64.14 (11.76)

0.321

 SpO2, %, mean (SD)

97.27 (2.02)

97.35 (1.65)

97.28 (1.83)

97.28 (2.26)

97.18 (2.26)

0.435

Comorbidities

 CHD, n (%)

1618 (53.5)

403 (53.3)

384 (50.9)

434 (57.3)

397 (52.4)

0.080

 HF, n (%)

879 (29.0)

216 (28.6)

209 (27.7)

218 (28.8)

236 (31.2)

0.483

 Hypertension, n (%)

1611 (53.2)

386 (51.1)

424 (56.2)

408 (53.8)

393 (51.9)

0.198

 AF, n (%)

724 (23.9)

207 (27.4)

186 (24.6)

182 (24.0)

149 (19.7)

0.005

 Dyslipidemia, n (%)

689 (22.8)

153 (20.2)

176 (23.3)

175 (23.1)

185 (24.4)

0.248

 DM, n (%)

828 (27.4)

68 (9.0)

135 (17.9)

235 (31.0)

390 (51.5)

< 0.001

 COPD, n (%)

45 (1.5)

8 (1.1)

5 (0.7)

16 (2.1)

16 (2.1)

0.037

 RF, n (%)

481 (15.9)

73 (9.7)

96 (12.7)

135 (17.8)

177 (23.4)

< 0.001

 LD, n (%)

143 (4.7)

21 (2.8)

36 (4.8)

39 (5.1)

47 (6.2)

0.016

 AKIa, n (%)

1547 (51.1)

345 (45.6)

345 (45.7)

412 (54.4)

445 (58.8)

< 0.001

 CKD, n (%)

310 (10.2)

71 (9.4)

58 (7.7)

75 (9.9)

106 (14.0)

0.001

 Sepsis, n (%)

162 (5.4)

24 (3.2)

32 (4.2)

40 (5.3)

66 (8.7)

< 0.001

 Cancer, n (%)

360 (11.9)

98 (13.0)

103 (13.6)

88 (11.6)

71 (9.4)

0.054

Laboratory tests

 WBC, K/µL, mean (SD)

11.75 (5.88)

10.65 (4.75)

11.50 (6.86)

12.01 (5.29)

12.85 (6.18)

< 0.001

 RBC, m/µL, mean (SD)

4.19 (0.73)

4.17 (0.68)

4.21 (0.71)

4.17 (0.75)

4.20 (0.78)

0.568

 Platelet, K/µL, mean (SD)

252.91 (110.48)

245.85 (110.86)

254.08 (109.33)

255.96 (109.13)

255.75 (112.49)

0.236

 Hemoglobin, g/dL, mean (SD)

12.69 (2.15)

12.69 (2.00)

12.77 (2.15)

12.64 (2.22)

12.67 (2.24)

0.645

 Serum potassium, mEq/L, mean (SD)

4.20 (0.81)

4.19 (0.82)

4.18 (0.78)

4.16 (0.72)

4.29 (0.89)

0.007

 Serum sodium, mEq/L, mean (SD)

138.43 (4.58)

138.30 (4.74)

138.69 (4.29)

138.57 (4.13)

138.15 (5.10)

0.084

 TC, mg/dL, mean (SD)

163.17 (54.46)

151.66 (42.60)

160.83 (46.99)

165.97 (47.13)

175.50 (74.60)

< 0.001

 TG, mg/dL, mean (SD)

143.99 (168.28)

66.55 (21.27)

104.21 (74.80)

138.64 (48.33)

266.35 (286.95)

< 0.001

 LDL, mg/dL, mean (SD)

91.57 (40.10)

86.06 (35.61)

94.04 (40.53)

95.14 (40.98)

91.17 (42.83)

< 0.001

 HDL, mg/dL, mean (SD)

45.78 (16.71)

52.62 (18.01)

46.43 (14.84)

43.82 (14.89)

39.42 (16.10)

< 0.001

 HbA1c, %, mean (SD)

6.43 (1.59)

5.86 (0.82)

5.97 (0.79)

6.31 (1.27)

7.63 (2.32)

< 0.001

 Glucose, mg/dL, mean (SD)

162.37 (105.57)

128.03 (45.85)

138.73 (47.71)

159.99 (77.66)

222.79 (169.83)

< 0.001

 Albumin, g/dL, mean (SD)

3.43 (0.64)

3.49 (0.59)

3.47 (0.65)

3.40 (0.63)

3.38 (0.67)

0.013

 Ucr, mg/dL, mean (SD)

97.90 (71.45)

93.62 (67.53)

100.90 (66.69)

100.79 (76.90)

96.48 (72.77)

0.745

 Scr, mg/dL, mean (SD)

1.30 (1.24)

1.19 (1.06)

1.19 (1.09)

1.29 (1.31)

1.51 (1.45)

< 0.001

 BUN, mg/dL, mean (SD)

24.31 (17.61)

21.94 (12.78)

22.66 (17.55)

24.74 (16.94)

27.91 (21.49)

< 0.001

 Uric acid, mg/dL, mean (SD)

5.66 (2.86)

5.74 (2.89)

4.93 (1.90)

5.58 (3.05)

6.01 (3.10)

0.377

 TyG index, mean (SD)

9.16 (0.74)

8.30 (0.33)

8.87 (0.12)

9.32 (0.15)

10.13 (0.49)

< 0.001

Events

 LOS ICU, days, mean (SD)

4.28 (6.08)

3.68 (6.38)

3.78 (5.35)

4.16 (4.95)

5.49 (7.21)

< 0.001

 LOS Hospital, days, mean (SD)

8.71 (10.12)

7.68 (8.71)

7.83 (8.58)

8.82 (9.71)

10.50 (12.68)

< 0.001

 ICU death, n (%)

258 (8.5)

42 (5.6)

59 (7.8)

77 (10.2)

80 (10.6)

0.001

 Hospital death, n (%)

350 (11.6)

57 (7.5)

85 (11.3)

102 (13.5)

106 (14.0)

< 0.001

 Follow-up death, n (%)

1148 (37.9)

265 (35.1)

270 (35.8)

306 (40.4)

307 (40.6)

0.040

  1. TyG index: Q1 (6.23–8.65), Q2 (8.65–9.08), Q3 (9.08–9.59), Q4 (9.59–12.43)
  2. TyG index triglyceride glucose index, BMI body mass index, ICU intensive care unit, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, LODS logistic organ dysfunction system, OASIS Oxford acute severity of illness, SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome, APSIII acute physiology score III, SAPSII simplified acute physiological score II, CCU coronary care unit, CSRU cardiac surgery recovery unit, MICU medical intensive care unit, SICU surgical intensive care unit, TSICU trauma/surgical intensive care unit, HR heart rate, bmp beats per minute, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, SpO2 pulse blood oxygen saturation, CHD coronary heart disease, HF heart failure, AF atrial fibrillation, DM diabetes mellitus, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, RF respiratory failure, LD liver disease, AKI acute kidney injury, CKD chronic kidney disease, WBC white blood cell, RBC red blood cell, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, Ucr urine creatinine, Scr serum creatinine, BUN blood urea nitrogen, LOS length of stay
  3. aAKI was defined according to KDIGO guidelines as an increase in serum creatinine (Scr) by ≥ 0.3 mg/dL (≥ 26.5 μmol/L) from baseline within 48 h