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Table 1 Characteristics of the GWASs used in present study

From: Effects of glycemic traits on left ventricular structure and function: a mendelian randomization study

Phenotype

PMID

Consortium

Sample

size

Ancestry

Exclusion criteria

Adjusted covariates

Exposure

 IR

27841877

MAGIC for fasting insulin adjusting BMI

108,557

European

Individuals had a physician diagnosis of diabetes, were on diabetes treatment (oral or insulin), or had a fasting plasma glucose equal to or greater than 7 mmol/l

Age, sex, BMI

29046328

GLGC for TGs and HDL-C

188,577

European

Individuals known to be on lipid-lowering medications

Age, sex

 HbA1c

28898252

MAGIC

123,665

European

Individuals had a physician diagnosis of diabetes, were on diabetes treatment (oral or insulin), or had a fasting plasma glucose equal to or greater than 7 mmol/l

Study-specific covariates, age, sex, and genomic control

 Fasting insulin

22885924

MAGIC

108,557

European

Individuals had a physician diagnosis of diabetes, were on diabetes treatment (oral or insulin), or had a fasting plasma glucose equal to or greater than 7 mmol/l

Age, sex, BMI

 Fasting glucose

133,010

Outcomes

 LV end-diastolic volume

31554410

UK Biobank

16,920

European

Individuals with prevalent myocardial infarction, heart failure, or LV ejection fraction < 50% to minimize the confounding influence of these preexisting conditions were excluded

Age, sex, height, weight, systolic blood pressure, phenotype-derivation method, array type, and imaging center

 LV end-systolic volume

16,920

 LV ejection fraction

16,923

 LV mass

16,920

 LV mass to end-diastolic volume ratio

16,884

 Heart failure

31919418

HERMES

47,309 cases and 930,014 controls

European

Non-European ancestry individuals were excluded

Age, sex, genotyping array and the first 10 principal components

  1. GWAS genome-wide association studies, IR insulin resistance, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TGs triglycerides, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, LV left ventricular, BMI body mass index, MAGIC the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium, GLGC Global Lipids Genetics Consortium, HERMES the Heart Failure Molecular Epidemiology for Therapeutic Targets