Normal (n = 49) | T2DM | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Without FMR (n = 94) | With mild FMR (n = 17) | With moderate FMR (n = 18) | With severe FMR (n = 19) | ||
LA parameters | |||||
LAVmax, mL | 57.8 ± 16.2 | 63.9 ± 26.5 | 98.8 ± 33.7ab | 97.2 ± 41.7ab | 149.9 ± 90.3abcd |
LAVpac, mL | 39.7 ± 13.0 | 46.4 ± 23.5 | 80.9 ± 32.1ab | 79.2 ± 39.0ab | 128.0 ± 95.0abcd |
LAVmin, mL | 23.1 ± 7.8 | 29.4 ± 19.3 | 59.9 ± 29.2ab | 62.2 ± 35.6ab | 106.9 ± 95.1abcd |
Total LAEF, % | 60.0 ± 8.4 | 52.2 ± 14.5a | 41.6 ± 13.3a | 39.8 ± 19.0ab | 32.1 ± 19.5abc |
Passive LAEF, % | 30.4 ± 19.4 | 27.7 ± 15.3 | 19.6 ± 6.4a | 20.3 ± 10.0a | 13.2 ± 9.4ab |
Active LAEF, % | 38.9 ± 22.3 | 39.0 ± 14.2 | 27.5 ± 15.5a | 22.4 ± 16.9a | 28.4 ± 21.6ab |
LA strain, % | |||||
εs | 48.4 ± 16.9 | 39.9 ± 18.4a | 24.5 ± 10.3ab | 22.0 ± 15.2ab | 14.7 ± 11.2abc |
εe | 30.1 ± 14.7 | 19.3 ± 9.3a | 9.2 ± 5.1ab | 8.9 ± 5.4ab | 6.4 ± 5.5abc |
εa | 18.3 ± 7.1 | 20.7 ± 12.3 | 15.3 ± 9.0a | 13.1 ± 11.2ab | 8.3 ± 6.7abc |
LA SR (1/s) | |||||
SRs | 0.4 ± 2.8 | 1.2 ± 2.0 | 0.8 ± 1.1 | 1.2 ± 0.7 | 0.9 ± 0.6 |
SRe | − 2.4 ± 0.9 | − 1.9 ± 1.4a | − 1.3 ± 0.9a | − 1.0 ± 0.8ab | − 0.6 ± 0.6abc |
SRa | − 0.6 ± 2.6 | − 1.3 ± 2.2 | − 1.0 ± 1.6 | − 1.4 ± 1.1 | − 1.0 ± 1.2 |
LV parameters | |||||
LVEDV | 122.2 ± 27.1 | 132.7 ± 42.8 | 182.2 ± 64.1a | 200.6 ± 78.2ab | 214.6 ± 85.9ab |
LVESV | 45.4 ± 12.6 | 54.1 ± 30.7 | 104.6 ± 52.0ab | 125.6 ± 84.4ab | 140.4 ± 83.1abc |
LVSV | 76.9 ± 18.7 | 78.6 ± 23.0 | 77.7 ± 17.0 | 80.5 ± 31.2 | 74.2 ± 23.1 |
LVEF | 62.6 ± 5.9 | 60.6 ± 10.1 | 45.6 ± 11.6ab | 45.3 ± 19.3ab | 40.2 ± 19.5ab |
LVM | 73.1 ± 19.2 | 96.2 ± 32.5a | 121.6 ± 338.9ab | 116.5 ± 45.0ab | 108.3 ± 37.8a |