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Table 2 Comparison of left atrial and ventricular CMR characteristics among study groups

From: Atrioventricular coupling and left atrial abnormality in type 2 diabetes mellitus with functional mitral regurgitation patients verified by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

 

Normal (n = 49)

T2DM

Without FMR (n = 94)

With mild FMR (n = 17)

With moderate FMR (n = 18)

With severe FMR (n = 19)

LA parameters

 LAVmax, mL

57.8 ± 16.2

63.9 ± 26.5

98.8 ± 33.7ab

97.2 ± 41.7ab

149.9 ± 90.3abcd

 LAVpac, mL

39.7 ± 13.0

46.4 ± 23.5

80.9 ± 32.1ab

79.2 ± 39.0ab

128.0 ± 95.0abcd

 LAVmin, mL

23.1 ± 7.8

29.4 ± 19.3

59.9 ± 29.2ab

62.2 ± 35.6ab

106.9 ± 95.1abcd

 Total LAEF, %

60.0 ± 8.4

52.2 ± 14.5a

41.6 ± 13.3a

39.8 ± 19.0ab

32.1 ± 19.5abc

 Passive LAEF, %

30.4 ± 19.4

27.7 ± 15.3

19.6 ± 6.4a

20.3 ± 10.0a

13.2 ± 9.4ab

 Active LAEF, %

38.9 ± 22.3

39.0 ± 14.2

27.5 ± 15.5a

22.4 ± 16.9a

28.4 ± 21.6ab

LA strain, %

 εs

48.4 ± 16.9

39.9 ± 18.4a

24.5 ± 10.3ab

22.0 ± 15.2ab

14.7 ± 11.2abc

 εe

30.1 ± 14.7

19.3 ± 9.3a

9.2 ± 5.1ab

8.9 ± 5.4ab

6.4 ± 5.5abc

 εa

18.3 ± 7.1

20.7 ± 12.3

15.3 ± 9.0a

13.1 ± 11.2ab

8.3 ± 6.7abc

LA SR (1/s)

 SRs

0.4 ± 2.8

1.2 ± 2.0

0.8 ± 1.1

1.2 ± 0.7

0.9 ± 0.6

 SRe

 − 2.4 ± 0.9

 − 1.9 ± 1.4a

 − 1.3 ± 0.9a

 − 1.0 ± 0.8ab

 − 0.6 ± 0.6abc

 SRa

 − 0.6 ± 2.6

 − 1.3 ± 2.2

 − 1.0 ± 1.6

 − 1.4 ± 1.1

 − 1.0 ± 1.2

LV parameters

 LVEDV

122.2 ± 27.1

132.7 ± 42.8

182.2 ± 64.1a

200.6 ± 78.2ab

214.6 ± 85.9ab

 LVESV

45.4 ± 12.6

54.1 ± 30.7

104.6 ± 52.0ab

125.6 ± 84.4ab

140.4 ± 83.1abc

 LVSV

76.9 ± 18.7

78.6 ± 23.0

77.7 ± 17.0

80.5 ± 31.2

74.2 ± 23.1

 LVEF

62.6 ± 5.9

60.6 ± 10.1

45.6 ± 11.6ab

45.3 ± 19.3ab

40.2 ± 19.5ab

 LVM

73.1 ± 19.2

96.2 ± 32.5a

121.6 ± 338.9ab

116.5 ± 45.0ab

108.3 ± 37.8a

  1. a, P < 0.05, compared to normal; b, P < 0.05, compared to T2DM without FMR; c, P < 0.05, compared to T2DM with mild FMR; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; FMR, functional mitral regurgitation; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; LVEDV, left ventricle end-diastolic volume; LVESV, left ventricle end-systolic volume; LVSV, left ventricle stroke volume; LVEF, left ventricle ejection fraction; LVM, left ventricle mass; LAVmax, maximum left atrial volume; LAVpac, left atrial volume prior to atrial contraction; LAVmin, minimum LA volume; LAEF, left atrium emptying fraction; εs, left atrial reservoir strain; εe, left atrial passive strain; εa, left atrial active strain; SRs, peak positive strain rate; SRe, peak early negative strain rate; SRa, peak late negative strain rate