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Table 6 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis for the prediction of 15-year all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes

From: Circulating levels of AGEs and soluble RAGE isoforms are associated with all-cause mortality and development of cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study

Model

Univariate

Multivariate

Combined model

Predictor

HR (95% CI)

p

HR (95% CI)

p

HR (95% CI)

p

Established risk factors

 Sex (male)

1.20 (0.83–1.74)

0.329

1.47 (0.94–2.30)

0.093

 Age (years)

1.11 (1.08–1.14)

 < 0.001

1.10 (1.07–1.14)

 < 0.001

 Disease duration (years)

1.03 (1.01–1.04)

 < 0.001

1.02 (1.01–1.04)

0.008

 BMI (Kg/m2)

1.01 (0.97–1.05)

0.593

1.01 (0.96–1.06)

0.647

 SBP (10 mmHg increase)

1.48 (1.24–1.77)

 < 0.001

1.37 (1.12–1.68)

0.002

 HbA1c (%)

1.09 (0.95–1.24)

0.217

1.10 (0.93–1.30)

0.255

 Total cholesterol (SD-increase)

0.95 (0.79–1.14)

0.552

1.21 (0.74–1.96)

0.445

 LDL-C (SD-increase)

0.82 (0.68–0.99)

0.034

0.75 (0.50–1.14)

0.179

 HDL-C (SD–increase)

0.92 (0.75–1.13)

0.427

0.88 (0.65–1.20)

0.433

 Triglycerides (SD-increase)

1.37 (1.10–1.71)

0.005

1.15 (0.76–1.75)

0.514

 eGFR (10 mL/min increase)

0.78 (0.72–0.86)

 < 0.001

0.94 (0.86–1.03)

0.192

 hs-CRP (SD-increase)

1.14 (1.00–1.31)

0.052

1.18 (1.01–1.39)

0.036

Relevant treatments

  

  

 Insulin

1.66 (1.08–2.54)

0.020

0.89 (0.51–1.55)

0.675

 Metformin

0.68 (0.46–1.01)

0.058

0.63 (0.41–0.97)

0.037

 Sulphonylureas

1.10 (0.76–1.58)

0.624

0.81 (0.53–1.23)

0.324

 Statins

1.18 (0.75–1.87)

0.468

0.93 (0.56–1.56)

0.785

 Vitamin K antagonists

1.57 (0.94–2.62)

0.088

1.29 (0.74–2.26)

0.376

Candidate predictors (SD-increment)

      

 sRAGE

0.89 (0.74–1.07)

0.225

 esRAGE

0.93 (0.77–1.13)

0.469

 cRAGE

0.93 (0.77–1.12)

0.436

 AGEs

0.88 (0.70–1.10)

0.249

 AGEs/sRAGE

0.90 (0.73 –1.11)

0.326

0.86 (0.69–1.08)

0.203

0.79 (0.61–1.02)

0.072

 AGEs/esRAGE

0.97 (0.77–1.21)

0.760

0.84 (0.66–1.07)

0.159

0.88 (0.71–1.11)

0.289

 AGEs/cRAGE

1.20 (1.06–1.35)

0.005

1.24 (1.07–1.43)

0.004

1.30 (1.15–1.47)

 < 0.001

 cRAGEs/esRAGE

0.95 (0.78–1.16)

0.629

0.84 (0.69 –1.02)

0.080

  1. In the multivariate model, each ratio is adjusted for established risk factors and relevant treatments. Combined model adjusted for AGEs/sRAGE, AGEs/esRAGE, AGEs/cRAGE, established risk factors and relevant treatments. Significant predictors at the multivariate analysis are displayed in bold