Table 2 Baseline characteristics of participants with low and high RDW/ALB ratio
Characteristic | Low RDW/ALB (≤ 0.3809) (N = 376) | High RDW/ALB (> 0.3809) (N = 484) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Male (%) | 222 (59.0) | 294 (60.7) | 0.613 |
Age (years) | 68 (59–76) | 70 (62–77) | 0.037 |
Age ≥ 65 (%) | 235 (62.5) | 325 (67.1) | 0.156 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.9 (22.0–26.0) | 23.3 (21.4–25.9) | 0.042 |
Smoking (%) | 117 (31.1) | 135 (27.9) | 0.303 |
Alcohol use (%) | 104 (27.7) | 116 (24.0) | 0.218 |
Diabetes duration (years) | 10 (5–16) | 10 (6–20) | 0.005 |
Diabetic foot ulcer duration (days) | 30 (10–60) | 30 (15–90) | 0.384 |
Severe DFUs (%) | 165 (43.9) | 304 (62.8) |  < 0.001 |
PAD | Â | Â | Â |
 Severe PAD (%) | 201 (60.0) | 253 (62.0) | 0.576 |
 Missing (n) | 41 | 76 |  |
Coronary artery disease (%) | 31 (8.2) | 59 (12.2) | 0.061 |
Cerebrovascular disease (%) | 29 (7.7) | 44 (9.1) | 0.472 |
Diabetic retinopathy (%) | 167 (44.9) | 230 (48.3) | 0.321 |
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (%) | 188 (50.0) | 256 (52.9) | 0.400 |
Hypertension (%) | 284 (75.5) | 376 (77.7) | 0.458 |
SBP (mmHg) | 142 (130–157) | 142 (125–160) | 0.299 |
DBP (mmHg) | 76 (68–83) | 73 (65–83) | 0.013 |
Medication | Â | Â | Â |
 Anti-hypertensive drugs (%) | 241 (64.1) | 302 (62.4) | 0.608 |
 Two or more anti-hypertensive drugs (%) | 106 (28.2) | 132 (27.3) | 0.765 |
 Insulin (%) | 286 (76.1) | 412 (85.1) | 0.001 |
 Statins (%) | 314 (83.5) | 387 (80.0) | 0.183 |
 Anti-platelet drugs (%) | 303 (80.6) | 350 (72.3) | 0.005 |
 Two or more anti-platelet drugs (%) | 101 (26.9) | 98 (20.2) | 0.023 |
eGFR (EPI)(mL/min/1.73m2) | 85.9 (68.4–97.1) | 81.0 (55.9–95.5) | 0.001 |
ALB (g/L) | 37.4 (35.5–39.6) | 31.2 (27.4–33.2) |  < 0.001 |
Hb (g/L) | 123 (113–135) | 106 (95–121) |  < 0.001 |
Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 6.7 (5.4–9.2) | 7.1 (5.1–10.1) | 0.325 |
HbA1c (%) | 8.3 (7.3–10.0) | 8.9 (7.5–11.2) |  < 0.001 |
TC (mmol/L) | 4.33 (3.36–5.32) | 3.80 (3.07–4.62) |  < 0.001 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.40 (1.02–1.93) | 1.20 (0.87–1.70) |  < 0.001 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 0.91 (0.73–1.11) | 0.83 (0.66–1.03) |  < 0.001 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.46 (1.84–3.18) | 2.13 (1.60–2.80) |  < 0.001 |
RDW (%) | 12.8 (12.4–13.3) | 13.5 (12.8–14.4) |  < 0.001 |
RDW/ALB ratio [%/(g/L)] | 0.35 (0.33–0.36) | 0.44 (0.41–0.50) |  < 0.001 |