Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population

Age (years)

47.03 ± 12.09

48.89 ± 14.53

55.80 ± 12.07 ^{*, §}

Male, n (%)

55 (69)

233 (68)

71 (76)

Systolic BP (mm Hg)

113.59 ± 18.26

113.68 ± 17.87

117.37 ± 20.63

Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

76.38 ± 14.44

74.99 ± 14.84

76.98 ± 13.56

Heart rate (beats/min)

74.15 (65.20, 80.43)

76.00 (66.55, 88.43)

81.75 ± 15.03

BMI (kg/m²)

24.05 ± 3.66

23.86 ± 4.78

24.67 ± 3.63

Smoking, n (%)

36 (45)

183 (54)

46 (49)

NYHA class

(I/II/III/IV)

–

11/85/161/85

2/19/45/27

Diabetes duration (years)

–

–

4.00 (0.30, 10.00)

Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)

–

5.47 ± 1.29

7.82 (6.12, 10.71) ^§

HbA1c, (%)

–

5.60 ± 0.54

7.40 (6.80, 8.50) ^§

TG (mmol/L)

1.41 ± 0.42

1.29 (0.92, 1.81)

1.45 (1.00, 2.04)

TC (mmol/L)

4.33 ± 0.61

4.12 (3.48, 4.86)

4.26 ± 1.11

HDL (mmol/L)

1.43 ± 0.32

1.11 (0.84, 1.41)

1.09 ± 0.34

LDL (mmol/L)

2.54 ± 0.62

2.51 (1.95, 2.98)

2.56 ± 0.86

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

100.01 (92.00, 108.24)

88.61 (74.72, 100.47) ^*

81.85 ± 21.82 ^*

NT-proBNP value (pg/mL)

–

1448.00 (628.75, 3402.00)

2473.00 (960.50, 5956.50) ^§

Troponin T value (ng/L)

–

15.65 (9.88, 29.33)

25.00 (15.60, 44.90) ^§

Medical treatment (for DCM), n (%)

ACEI/ARB

–

315 (92)

87 (94)

β‐blocker

–

325 (95)

87 (94)

MRA

–

257 (75)

64 (69)

Diuretics

–

212 (62)

62 (67)

Digoxin

–

79 (23)

20 (22)

Diabetes treatment, n (%)

Biguanides

–

–

32 (34)

Sulfonylureas

–

–

17 (18)

a‐Glucosidase inhibitor

–

–

29 (31)

GLP‐1/DPP‐4 inhibitor

–

–

4 (4)

SGLT2 inhibitor

–

–

10 (11)

Insulin

–

–

23 (25)