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Fig. 3 | Cardiovascular Diabetology

Fig. 3

From: Empagliflozin attenuates cardiac microvascular ischemia/reperfusion injury through improving mitochondrial homeostasis

Fig. 3

Empagliflozin restores mitochondrial homeostasis in endothelial cells. HCAECs were subjected to 45 min of hypoxia followed by two hours of reoxygenation to induce sI/R injury in vitro. The cells were incubated with empagliflozin (EMPA, 10 µM) for 12 h before sI/R injury. A, B. The mtROS levels in HCAECs were measured using a Mitochondrial ROS Detection Assay Kit. C, D qPCR was used to analyze the alterations of mitochondrial copy and transcription. E, F ELISAs were used to detect alterations in mitochondrial respiratory complexes I and II. G, H The MMP was measured using an MMP assay kit with the JC-10 fluorescence probe. I ATP production was measured with an ELISA. J The mPTP opening rate was determined using a tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester fluorescence assay. Data are shown as mean ± SEM, n = ten independent cell isolations per group. *p < 0.05

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