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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients according to MACEs and PCSK9 stratification

From: Association of PCSK9 with inflammation and platelet activation markers and recurrent cardiovascular risks in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI with or without diabetes

Variables

Whole cohort

(n = 1027)

MACEs

P value

PCSK9 (ng/mL)

P value

No (n = 872)

Yes (n = 155)

 

≤ 43.5 (n = 514)

> 43.5 (n = 513)

 

Demographics

       

Age, years

59.6 ± 12.7

58.9 ± 12.5

63.8 ± 13.1

< 0.001

59.8 ± 12.2

59.5 ± 13.2

0.685

Male, %

834 (81.2)

718 (82.3)

116 (74.8)

0.028

431 (83.9)

403 (78.6)

0.030

Body mass index, kg/m2

26.1 ± 3.8

26.2 ± 3.7

25.6 ± 4.0

0.067

25.9 ± 3.5

26.2 ± 4.0

0.290

Risk factors

       

Hypertension

602 (58.6)

495 (56.8)

107 (69.0)

0.004

302 (58.8)

300 (58.5)

0.929

Hyperlipidemia

754 (73.4)

643 (73.7)

111 (71.6)

0.581

380 (73.9)

374 (72.9)

0.710

Diabetes mellitus

277 (27.0)

231 (26.5)

46 (29.7)

0.410

136 (26.5)

141 (27.5)

0.711

Current smoking

529 (51.5)

463 (53.1)

66 (42.6)

0.016

267 (51.9)

262 (51.1)

0.779

Familial history of CAD

210 (20.4)

179 (20.5)

31 (20.0)

0.881

103 (20.0)

107 (20.9)

0.745

Clinical and angiographic characteristics

       

Anterior infarction

487 (47.4)

406 (46.6)

81 (52.3)

0.190

226 (44.0)

261 (50.9)

0.027

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

130.6 ± 22.6

131.0 ± 22.2

128.7 ± 24.5

0.251

130.1 ± 21.8

131.2 ± 23.4

0.397

LVEF at admission

53.5 ± 7.5

54.2 ± 7.0

49.7 ± 8.7

< 0.001

54.1 ± 7.0

53.0 ± 7.9

0.028

TIMI score

3.6 ± 2.1

3.4 ± 2.0

4.6 ± 2.8

< 0.001

3.6 ± 2.1

3.6 ± 2.1

0.694

Symptom-to-door, mins

300.0 (150.0, 628.5)

300.0 (150.0, 624.0)

285.0 (165.0, 660.0)

0.944

300.0 (178.5, 606.0)

279.0 (123.3, 658.8)

0.453

Door-to-procedure, mins

111.0 (85.0, 152.0)

111.0 (84.0, 153.0)

114.0 (89.0, 148.5)

0.598

114.0 (86.0, 156.5)

111.0 (84.0, 148.5)

0.521

Symptom-to-procedure, mins

431.0 (260.3, 791.8)

434.0 (260.0, 784.3)

407.5 (263.3, 796.3)

0.816

443.5 (279.8, 798.8)

406.5 (243.8, 784.8)

0.375

Coronary artery lesions

       

Single vessel disease

300 (29.2)

269 (30.8)

31 (20.0)

0.018

152 (29.6)

148 (28.8)

0.545

Double vessel disease

303 (29.5)

255 (29.2)

48 (31.0)

 

158 (30.7)

145 (28.3)

 

Triple vessel disease

424 (41.3)

348 (39.9)

76 (49.0)

 

204 (39.7)

220 (42.9)

 

Pre-TIMI flow

       

 0

658 (64.1)

554 (63.5)

104 (67.1)

0.117

331 (64.4)

327 (63.7)

0.581

 1

38 (3.7)

28 (3.2)

10 (6.5)

 

15 (2.9)

23 (4.5)

 

 2

96 (9.3)

84 (9.6)

12 (7.7)

 

47 (9.1)

49 (9.6)

 

 3

235 (22.9)

206 (23.6)

29 (18.7)

 

121 (23.5)

114 (22.2)

 

AHA classification

       

 A

19 (1.9)

16 (1.8)

3 (1.9)

0.314

8 (1.6)

11 (2.1)

0.240

 B1

102 (9.9)

86 (9.9)

16 (10.3)

 

42 (8.3)

60 (11.6)

 

 B2

210 (20.4)

187 (21.4)

23 (14.8)

 

102 (20.0)

108 (20.8)

 

 C

696 (67.8)

583 (66.9)

113 (72.9)

 

357 (70.1)

339 (65.4)

 

Laboratory examinations

       

Total cholesterol, mg/dL

175.8 ± 38.6

176.8 ± 37.9

170.2 ± 41.9

0.056

175.0 ± 36.3

176.6 ± 40.7

0.507

LDL-C, mg/dL

112.2 ± 32.5

112.8 ± 31.9

108.6 ± 35.2

0.144

111.9 ± 31.2

112.5 ± 33.7

0.761

HDL-C, mg/dL

42.0 ± 11.4

42.0 ± 11.0

42.2 ± 13.4

0.685

43.1 ± 12.3

40.9 ± 10.4

0.002

Triglycerides, mg/dL

154.4 ± 107.5

155.4 ± 107.2

148.6 ± 109.1

0.474

144.7 ± 97.6

164.1 ± 115.7

0.004

Lipoprotein(a), g/L

161.0 (74.0, 338.2)

161.0 (75.5, 338.0)

158.1 (63.8, 341.0)

0.299

148.5 (68.0, 338.8)

177.0 (80.2, 338.6)

0.061

HbA1C, %

6.7 ± 1.6

6.6 ± 1.6

6.9 ± 1.8

0.073

6.6 ± 1.6

6.7 ± 1.6

0.164

Fasting plasma glucose

8.5 ± 3.9

8.4 ± 3.7

9.0 ± 4.5

0.103

8.5 ± 3.8

8.6 ± 3.9

0.705

Leukocytes, ×1000/µL

10.6 ± 3.2

10.5 ± 3.1

11.1 ± 3.7

0.026

10.5 ± 3.2

10.7 ± 3.2

0.221

Hemoglobin, g/L

147.3 ± 17.6

147.9 ± 17.6

144.1 ± 17.5

0.012

147.6 ± 16.5

147.1 ± 18.6

0.670

Platelet, ×1000/µL

234.8 ± 72.7

233.1 ± 74.2

244.0 ± 62.5

0.087

233.0 ± 79.4

236.6 ± 65.3

0.437

eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

92.2 ± 31.7

94.0 ± 31.0

81.9 ± 33.8

< 0.001

93.6 ± 30.9

90.8 ± 32.5

0.156

Fibrinogen, µmol/L

3.8 ± 2.2

3.8 ± 2.2

4.2 ± 2.0

0.021

3.8 ± 2.8

3.9 ± 1.3

0.231

hs-CRP, mg/L

6.5 (2.5, 11.0)

6.2 (2.3, 10.9)

8.8 (3.3, 11.5)

0.007

5.6 (2.2, 10.6)

7.5 (2.7, 11.2)

0.003

PCSK9, ng/mL

43.5 (24.1, 83.8)

41.8 (24.1, 80.6)

51.8 (24.7, 93.5)

0.018

24.2 (13.5, 32.7)

83.8 (59.3, 126.1)

< 0.001

Medication at discharge

       

Aspirin

1019 (99.2)

866 (99.3)

153 (98.7)

0.432

510 (99.2)

509 (99.2)

1.000

Ticagrelor

563 (54.8)

488 (56.0)

75 (48.4)

0.081

292 (56.8)

271 (52.8)

0.200

Clopidogrel

464 (45.2)

384 (44.0)

80 (51.6)

0.081

222 (43.2)

242 (47.2)

0.200

Statin

988 (96.2)

841 (96.4)

147 (94.8)

0.335

493 (95.9)

495 (96.5)

0.629

Beta-Blockers

885 (86.2)

755 (86.6)

130 (83.9)

0.367

445 (86.6)

440 (85.8)

0.708

Renin angiotensin system inhibitor

736 (71.7)

637 (73.1)

99 (63.9)

0.019

377 (73.3)

359 (70.0)

0.231

  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD or number (%) or median (interquartile range). MACEs major adverse cardiac events (including all-cause death, recurrent myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and rehospitalization for heart failure), PCSK9 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, CAD coronary artery disease, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, TIMI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction, AHA American Heart Association, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HbA1C hemoglobin A1c, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C reactive protein
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

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